intravenous-intra-amniotic-utero-transplantation-murine

Intravenous and Intra-amniotic <em>In Utero</em> Transplantation in the Murine Model

In utero transplantation (IUT) is a unique and versatile mode of therapy that can be used to introduce stem cells, viral vectors, or any other substances ...

Children's Hospital of Philadelphia

The Muenke syndrome mutation (FGFR3 (P250R)), which was discovered 15 years ago, represents the single most common craniosynostosis mutation. Muenke syndrome is characterized by coronal suture synostosis, midface hypoplasia, subtle limb anomalies, and hearing loss. However, the spectrum of clinical presentation continues to expand. To better understand the pathophysiology of the Muenke syndrome, we present collective findings from several recent studies that have characterized a genetically equivalent mouse model for Muenke syndrome (FgfR3 (P244R)) and compare them with human phenotypes.

Phenotype profile of a genetic mouse model for Muenke syndrome.

Long bone is an anatomically complicated tissue with trabecular-rich metaphyses at two ends and cortical-rich diaphysis at the center. The traditional flushing method isolates only mesenchymal progenitor cells from the central region of long bones and these cells are distant from the bone surface. We propose that mesenchymal progenitors residing in endosteal bone marrow that is close to the sites of bone formation, such as trabecular bone and endosteum, behave differently from those in the central bone marrow. In this report, we separately isolated endosteal bone marrow using a unique enzymatic digestion approach and demonstrated that it contained a much higher frequency of mesenchymal progenitors than the central bone marrow. Endosteal mesenchymal progenitors express common mesenchymal stem cell markers and are capable of multi-lineage differentiation. However, we found that mesenchymal progenitors isolated from different anatomical regions of the marrow did exhibit important functional differences. Compared with their central marrow counterparts, endosteal mesenchymal progenitors have superior proliferative ability with reduced expression of cell cycle inhibitors. They showed greater immunosuppressive activity in culture and in a mouse model of inflammatory bowel disease. Aging is a major contributing factor for trabecular bone loss. We found that old mice have a dramatically decreased number of endosteal mesenchymal progenitors compared with young mice. Parathyroid hormone (PTH) treatment potently stimulates bone formation. A single PTH injection greatly increased the number of endosteal mesenchymal progenitors, particularly those located at the metaphyseal bone, but had no effect on their central counterparts. In summary, endosteal mesenchymal progenitors are more metabolically active and relevant to physiological bone formation than central mesenchymal progenitors. Hence, they represent a biologically important target for future mesenchymal stem cell studies.

Mesenchymal progenitors residing close to the bone surface are functionally distinct from those in the central bone marrow.

The purpose of this study was to investigate odontogenic and osteogenic cell adhesion, proliferation, and survival on the surface of a newly developed bioceramic material (EndoSequence Root Repair Material [RRM]; Brasseler USA, Savannah, GA) and compare it with mineral trioxide aggregate (gray MTA) (ProRoot MTA; Dentsply Tulsa Dental, Tulsa, OK). A potential role of extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) signaling in the RRM/MTA-induced cellular activities was also investigated.

A New Calcium Silicate-based Bioceramic Material Promotes Human Osteo- and Odontogenic Stem Cell Proliferation and Survival via the Extracellular Signal-regulated Kinase Signaling Pathway.

Article	Year
Phenotype profile of a genetic mouse model for Muenke syndrome. Child's nervous system : ChNS : official journal of the International Society for Pediatric Neurosurgery\| PubMed ID: 22872265	2012
Mesenchymal progenitors residing close to the bone surface are functionally distinct from those in the central bone marrow. Bone\| PubMed ID: 23274348	2013
A New Calcium Silicate-based Bioceramic Material Promotes Human Osteo- and Odontogenic Stem Cell Proliferation and Survival via the Extracellular Signal-regulated Kinase Signaling Pathway. Journal of endodontics\| PubMed ID: 26778265	2016

Hyun-Duck Nah-Cederquist

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