choice-no-choice-bioassays-to-study-pupation-preference-emergence

Choice and No-Choice Bioassays to Study the Pupation Preference and Emergence Success of <em>Ectropis grisescens</em>

Many insects live above the ground as larvae and adults and as pupate below the ground. Compared to the above-ground stages of their life cycles, less ...

South China Agricultural University

&#x7814;&#x7A76;&#x8868;&#x660E;&#x6839;&#x636E;&#x4E0D;&#x540C;&#x7A0B;&#x5EA6;&#x7684;&#x8336;&#x89D2;&#x80F8;&#x53F6;&#x674E;&#x5E94;&#x529B;&#xFF0C;&#x5355;&#x679E;&#x8336;&#x5382;&#x7684;&#x65B0;&#x9C9C;&#x53F6;&#x7247;&#x4E2D;&#x7684;&#x82B3;&#x9999;&#x6210;&#x5206;&#x7684;&#x79CD;&#x7C7B;&#x589E;&#x52A0;&#x663E;&#x7136;&#xFF0C;&#x4E2D;&#x578B;&#x80C1;&#x8FEB;&#x4E0B;&#x88AB;&#x5927;&#x591A;&#x6570; &#xFF08;36 &#x79CD;&#xFF09;&#x3002;&#x968F;&#x7740;&#x538B;&#x529B;&#x7684;&#x589E;&#x52A0;&#xFF0C;&#x50CF; 1&#xFF0C;6-&#x4E9A;&#x7532;&#x57FA; annulene 9 &#x82B3;&#x9999;&#x6210;&#x5206;&#x7684;&#x542B;&#x91CF;&#x589E;&#x52A0;&#xFF0C;&#x800C;&#x90A3;&#x4E9B; 8 &#x6210;&#x5206;&#x4E3A;&#x82B3;&#x6A1F;&#x9187;&#x4E0B;&#x964D;&#x3002;&#x5149;&#x5E94;&#x6FC0; 2-&#x7532;&#x57FA;&#x5341;&#x516D;&#x70F7;&#xFF0C;&#x50CF; 4 &#x82B3;&#x9999;&#x6210;&#x5206;&#x7684;&#x5916;&#x89C2;&#x867D;&#x7136;&#x4E2D;&#x578B;&#x6FC0;&#xFF0C;6 &#x6210;&#x5206;&#x4F5C;&#x4E3A; H1-&#x4E8C;&#x5341;&#x4E8C;&#x9187;&#x7684;&#x542B;&#x91CF;&#x3002;&#x4E0D;&#x540C;&#x7A0B;&#x5EA6;&#x7684;&#x5E94;&#x6FC0; B.&#x53F6;&#x53EF;&#x4EE5;&#x8BF1;&#x4F7F;&#x50CF; 1&#xFF0C;6-&#x4E9A;&#x7532;&#x57FA; annulene 23 &#x82B3;&#x9999;&#x6210;&#x5206;&#x7684;&#x5408;&#x6210;&#xFF0C;&#x4F46;&#x662F;&#x6291;&#x5236; 6 &#x6210;&#x5206;&#x4F5C;&#x4E3A; nonanal &#x7684;&#x5F62;&#x6210;&#x3002;

[&#x82B3;&#x9999;&#x6210;&#x5206;&#x7684;&#x65B0;&#x9C9C;&#x53F6;&#x7247;&#x8336;&#x89D2;&#x80F8;&#x53F6;&#x674E;&#x5E94;&#x6FC0;&#x4E0B;&#x5CAD;&#x5934;&#x5355;&#x4E1B;&#x8336;]&#x3002;

The study showed that under different degrees of Basilepta melanopus Lefevre stress, the kinds of aromatic constituents in the fresh leaves of Lingtou Dancong tea plant increased evidently, being the most (36 kinds) under medium stress. With the increase of the stress, the contents of 9 aromatic constituents like 1,6-methylene annulene increased, whereas those of 8 constituents as linalool decreased. Light stress induced the appearance of 4 aromatic constituents like 2-methyl hexadecane, while medium stress induced that of 6 constituents as H1-docosanol. Different degrees of B. melanopus stress could induce the synthesis of 23 aromatic constituents like 1,6-methylene annulene, but inhibit the formation of 6 constituents as nonanal.

[Aromatic constituents in fresh leaves of Lingtou Dancong tea under Basilepta melanopus Lefevre stress].

L&#x26;#39;&#xE9;tude a montr&#xE9; que, sous diff&#xE9;rents degr&#xE9;s de Basilepta melanopus Lef&#xE8;vre stress, les types de constituants aromatiques dans les feuilles fra&#xEE;ches de la plante du th&#xE9; Lingtou Dancong augment&#xE9; &#xE9;videmment, &#xEA;tre le plus (36 sortes) soumis &#xE0; un stress moyen. Avec l&#x26;#39;augmentation du stress, le contenu de 9 constituants aromatiques comme le 1,6-m&#xE9;thyl&#xE8;ne annul&#xE8;ne augment&#xE9;, tandis que ceux de 8 constituants comme le linalol diminu&#xE9;. Le stress induit l&#x26;#39;apparition de lumi&#xE8;re de 4 constituants aromatiques comme le 2-m&#xE9;thyl hexad&#xE9;cane, alors que le stress induit &#xE0; moyen que de 6 constituants que H1-docosanol. Diff&#xE9;rents degr&#xE9;s de B. melanopus stress pourrait induire la synth&#xE8;se de 23 constituants aromatiques comme le 1,6-m&#xE9;thyl&#xE8;ne annul&#xE8;ne, mais inhibent la formation de 6 constituants comme nonanal.

[Constituants aromatiques dans les feuilles fra&#xEE;ches de th&#xE9; sous Lingtou Dancong Basilepta melanopus Lef&#xE8;vre stress]

Die Studie zeigte, dass unter unterschiedlichem Basilepta Melanopus Lefevre Spannung, die Arten von aromatischen Bestandteile in die frischen Bl&auml;tter der Teepflanze Lingtou Dancong offenbar erh&ouml;ht wird von den meisten (36 Arten) bei mittlerer Belastung. Zur Steigerung der Spannung erh&ouml;ht den Inhalt 9 aromatischen Bestandteile wie 1,6-Methylen-Annulen, w&auml;hrend diejenigen von 8 Bestandteile wie Linalool zur&uuml;ckgegangen. Leichte Spannung induziert die Darstellung 4 aromatischen Bestandteile wie 2-Methyl-Hexadecan, w&auml;hrend mittlere Spannung, die 6 W&auml;hler als H1-Docosanol induziert. Verschiedene Grade von B. Melanopus Stress k&ouml;nnte induzieren die Synthese von 23 aromatischen Bestandteile wie 1,6-Methylen-Annulen, sondern hemmen die Bildung von 6 Bestandteile wie nonanal.

[Aromatischen Bestandteile in frischen Bl&auml;tter Lingtou Dancong Tee unter Basilepta Melanopus Lefevre Spannung].

Lo studio ha mostrato che sotto diversi gradi di Basilepta melanopus stress Lefevre, i tipi di costituenti aromatici nelle foglie fresche della pianta del t&egrave; Lingtou Dancong aumentato evidentemente, essendo il maggior parte (36 generi) sotto sforzo medio. Con l&#39;aumento dello stress, il contenuto di costituenti aromatici 9 come annulene 1,6-metilene aumentata, mentre quelli di 8 costituenti come linalolo &egrave; diminuito. Leggero stress indotto la comparsa di 4 costituenti aromatici come 2-metil esadecano, mentre lo stress medio 6 costituenti indotta come H1-docosanol. Diversi gradi di melanopus b. stress potrebbero indurre la sintesi di 23 costituenti aromatici come annulene 1,6-metilene, ma inibiscono la formazione di 6 costituenti come nonale.

[Costituenti aromatici in fresco foglie di t&egrave; Lingtou Dancong sotto Basilepta melanopus stress Lefevre].

&#x7814;&#x7A76;&#x3067;&#x306F;&#x3001;Basilepta melanopus&#x30EB;&#x30D5;&#x30A7;&#x30FC;&#x30D6;&#x30EB;&#x30B9;&#x30C8;&#x30EC;&#x30B9;&#x306E;&#x7A0B;&#x5EA6;&#x304C;&#x7570;&#x306A;&#x308B;&#x306E;&#x4E0B;&#x3067;&#x3001;Lingtou Dancong&#x8336;&#x5DE5;&#x5834;&#x306E;&#x65B0;&#x9BAE;&#x306A;&#x8449;&#x306E;&#x82B3;&#x9999;&#x65CF;&#x6210;&#x5206;&#x306E;&#x7A2E;&#x985E;&#x306E;&#x57F9;&#x5730;&#x30B9;&#x30C8;&#x30EC;&#x30B9;&#x306E;&#x4E0B;&#x3067;&#xFF08;36&#x7A2E;&#x985E;&#xFF09;&#x306E;&#x307B;&#x3068;&#x3093;&#x3069;&#x3055;&#x308C;&#x3066;&#x3001;&#x660E;&#x3089;&#x304B;&#x306B;&#x5897;&#x52A0;&#x3057;&#x305F;&#x3053;&#x3068;&#x3092;&#x793A;&#x3057;&#x305F;&#x3002;&#x30EA;&#x30CA;&#x30ED;&#x30FC;&#x30EB;&#x304C;&#x6E1B;&#x5C11;&#x3057;&#x305F;&#x3068;&#x3057;&#x3066;&#x3001;&#x30B9;&#x30C8;&#x30EC;&#x30B9;&#x306E;&#x5897;&#x52A0;&#x306B;&#x4F34;&#x3063;&#x3066;&#x3001;1,6  - &#x30E1;&#x30C1;&#x30EC;&#x30F3;&#x30A2;&#x30CC;&#x30EC;&#x30F3;&#x306E;&#x3088;&#x3046;&#x306A;9&#x82B3;&#x9999;&#x65CF;&#x6210;&#x5206;&#x306E;&#x5185;&#x5BB9;&#x306F;&#x3001;8&#x6210;&#x5206;&#x306E;&#x3082;&#x306E;&#x306B;&#x5BFE;&#x3057;&#x3001;&#x5897;&#x52A0;&#x3057;&#x305F;&#x3002;&#x57F9;&#x5730;&#x30B9;&#x30C8;&#x30EC;&#x30B9;&#x304C;H1-docosanol&#x3068;&#x3057;&#x3066;6&#x6210;&#x5206;&#x306E;&#x3053;&#x3068;&#x3092;&#x8A98;&#x5C0E;&#x3057;&#x306A;&#x304C;&#x3089;&#x3001;&#x5149;&#x30B9;&#x30C8;&#x30EC;&#x30B9;&#x304C;&#x3001;2  - &#x30E1;&#x30C1;&#x30EB;&#x30D8;&#x30AD;&#x30B5;&#x30C7;&#x30AB;&#x30F3;&#x306E;&#x3088;&#x3046;&#x306A;4&#x82B3;&#x9999;&#x65CF;&#x6210;&#x5206;&#x306E;&#x51FA;&#x73FE;&#x3092;&#x8A98;&#x767A;&#x3057;&#x305F;&#x3002; B. melanopus&#x30B9;&#x30C8;&#x30EC;&#x30B9;&#x306E;&#x7A0B;&#x5EA6;&#x304C;&#x7570;&#x306A;&#x308B;&#x304C;&#x3001;1,6  - &#x30E1;&#x30C1;&#x30EC;&#x30F3;&#x30A2;&#x30CC;&#x30EC;&#x30F3;&#x306E;&#x3088;&#x3046;&#x306A;23&#x82B3;&#x9999;&#x65CF;&#x6210;&#x5206;&#x306E;&#x5408;&#x6210;&#x3092;&#x8A98;&#x5C0E;&#x3059;&#x308B;&#x304C;&#x3001;&#x30CE;&#x30CA;&#x30CA;&#x30FC;&#x30EB;&#x3068;&#x3057;&#x3066;6&#x6210;&#x5206;&#x306E;&#x5F62;&#x6210;&#x3092;&#x963B;&#x5BB3;&#x3059;&#x308B;&#x53EF;&#x80FD;&#x6027;&#x304C;&#x3042;&#x308A;&#x307E;&#x3059;&#x3002;

[Basilepta Melanopus&#x30EB;&#x30D5;&#x30A7;&#x30FC;&#x30D6;&#x30EB;&#x30B9;&#x30C8;&#x30EC;&#x30B9;&#x4E0B;Lingtou Dancong&#x8336;&#x306E;&#x65B0;&#x9BAE;&#x8449;&#x306E;&#x82B3;&#x9999;&#x65CF;&#x6210;&#x5206;]

&#xC5F0;&#xAD6C; Basilepta melanopus &#xB974; &#xD398; &#xBE0C; &#xB808; &#xC2A4;&#xD2B8;&#xB808;&#xC2A4;&#xC758; &#xB2E4;&#xB978;&#xB3C4;&#xC5D0;&#xC11C; Lingtou Dancong &#xCC28; &#xC2DD;&#xBB3C;&#xC758; &#xC2E0;&#xC120;&#xD55C; &#xC78E;&#xC5D0; &#xC544;&#xB85C;&#xB9C8; &#xC131;&#xBD84;&#xC758; &#xC885;&#xB958; &#xC99D;&#xAC00; &#xBCF4;&#xC600;&#xB2E4; &#xBD84;&#xBA85; &#xD558; &#xAC8C;, &#xC911;&#xAC04; &#xC2A4;&#xD2B8;&#xB808;&#xC2A4; &#xD558;&#xC5D0;&#xC11C; &#xB300;&#xBD80;&#xBD84;&#xC758; (36 &#xAC00;&#xC9C0;) &#xB418; &#xACE0;. &#xC2A4;&#xD2B8;&#xB808;&#xC2A4;&#xC758; &#xC99D;&#xAC00;, 1, 6-&#xBA54; &#xD2F8; &#xB80C; annulene &#xAC19;&#xC740; 9 &#xC544;&#xB85C;&#xB9C8; &#xC131;&#xBD84;&#xC758; &#xB0B4;&#xC6A9;&#xC744; &#xC99D;&#xAC00;, linalool&#xB85C; 8 &#xC131;&#xBD84;&#xC758; &#xAC10;&#xC18C; &#xD558;&#xB294; &#xBC18;&#xBA74;. &#xAC00;&#xBCBC;&#xC6B4; &#xC2A4;&#xD2B8;&#xB808;&#xC2A4; &#xC720;&#xBC1C; 2-&#xBA54; &#xD2F8; hexadecane &#xAC19;&#xC740; 4 &#xC544;&#xB85C;&#xB9C8; &#xC131;&#xBD84;&#xC758; &#xBAA8;&#xC591;&#xC744; &#xC911;&#xAC04; &#xC2A4;&#xD2B8;&#xB808;&#xC2A4; 6 &#xC131;&#xBD84;&#xC758; H1-docosanol&#xC73C;&#xB85C; &#xC720;&#xB3C4; &#xD558;&#xB294; &#xB3D9;&#xC548;. B. melanopus &#xC2A4;&#xD2B8;&#xB808;&#xC2A4;&#xC758; &#xB2E4;&#xB978;&#xB3C4; 1, 6-&#xBA54; &#xD2F8; &#xB80C; annulene &#xAC19;&#xC740; 23 &#xC544;&#xB85C;&#xB9C8; &#xC131;&#xBD84;&#xC758; &#xD569;&#xC131;&#xC744; &#xC720;&#xB3C4; &#xD560; &#xC218; &#xC788;&#xACA0;&#xC9C0;&#xB9CC; nonanal&#xC73C;&#xB85C; 6 &#xC131;&#xBD84;&#xC758; &#xD615;&#xC131;&#xC744; &#xC5B5;&#xC81C; &#xD569;&#xB2C8;&#xB2E4;.

[&#xC2E0;&#xC120;&#xD55C; &#xC544;&#xB85C;&#xB9C8; &#xC131;&#xBD84; Lingtou Dancong &#xCC28; Basilepta melanopus &#xB974; &#xD398; &#xBE0C; &#xB808; &#xC2A4;&#xD2B8;&#xB808;&#xC2A4; &#xC544;&#xB798; &#xB098;&#xBB47;&#xC78E;].

El estudio mostr&#xF3; que bajo diferentes grados de estr&#xE9;s Basilepta melanopus Lefevre, los tipos de compuestos arom&#xE1;ticos en las hojas frescas de la planta del t&#xE9; Lingtou Dancong aumento, evidentemente, y en su mayor&#xED;a (36 clases) bajo estr&#xE9;s medio. Con el aumento de la tensi&#xF3;n, el contenido de 9 constituyentes arom&#xE1;ticos como 1,6-metileno anuleno aumentado, mientras que los de 8 constituyentes como linalol disminuido. La tensi&#xF3;n inducida por la luz de la aparici&#xF3;n de 4 compuestos arom&#xE1;ticos como el 2-metil-hexadecano, mientras que el estr&#xE9;s inducido al medio de 6 componentes como H1-docosanol. Diferentes grados de B. estr&#xE9;s melanopus podr&#xED;a inducir la s&#xED;ntesis de 23 constituyentes arom&#xE1;ticos como 1,6-anuleno de metileno, pero inhibe la formaci&#xF3;n de 6 constituyentes como nonanal.

[Compuestos arom&#xE1;ticos en hojas frescas de t&#xE9; bajo Lingtou Dancong Basilepta melanopus estr&#xE9;s Lefevre]

Purple foliage always appears in Camellia sinensis families; however, the transcriptional regulation of anthocyanin biosynthesis is unknown. The tea bud sport cultivar 'Zijuan' confers an abnormal pattern of anthocyanin accumulation, resulting in a mutant phenotype that has a striking purple color in young foliage and in the stem. In this study, we aimed to unravel the underlying molecular mechanism of anthocyanin biosynthetic regulation in C. sinensis. Our results revealed that activation of the R2R3-MYB transcription factor (TF) anthocyanin1 (CsAN1) specifically upregulated the bHLH TF CsGL3 and anthocyanin late biosynthetic genes (LBGs) to confer ectopic accumulation of pigment in purple tea. We found CsAN1 interacts with bHLH TFs (CsGL3 and CsEGL3) and recruits a WD-repeat protein CsTTG1 to form the MYB-bHLH-WDR (MBW) complex that regulates anthocyanin accumulation. We determined that the hypomethylation of a CpG island in the CsAN1 promoter is associated with the purple phenotype. Furthermore, we demonstrated that low temperature and long illumination induced CsAN1 promoter demethylation, resulting in upregulated expression to promote anthocyanin accumulation in the foliage. The successful isolation of CsAN1 provides important information on the regulatory control of anthocyanin biosynthesis in C. sinensis and offers a genetic resource for the development of new varieties with enhanced anthocyanin content.

Purple foliage coloration in tea (Camellia sinensis L.) arises from activation of the R2R3-MYB transcription factor CsAN1.

Ectropis grisescens Warren (Lepidoptera: Geometridae) is one of the most severe pests of tea plants in China. This species commonly pupates in soil; however, little is known about its pupation ecology. In the present study, choice and no-choice tests were conducted to investigate the pupation behaviors and emergence success of E. grisescens in response to different substrates (sand, sandy loam 1, sandy loam 2, and silt loam) and moisture contents (5, 20, 35, 50, 65, and 80%). Moisture-choice bioassays showed that significantly more E. grisescens individuals pupated in or on soil (sandy loam 1 and 2 and silt loam) that was at the intermediate moisture levels, whereas 5%- and 35%-moisture sand was significantly more preferred over 80%-moisture sand for pupating. Substrate-choice bioassays showed that sand was most preferred by E. grisescens individuals at 20%- and 80%-moisture levels, but no preference was detected among the four substrates at 50%-moisture content. No-choice tests showed that the percentage of burrowed E. grisescens individuals and pupation depth were significantly lower when soil was dry (20% moisture) or wet (80% moisture). In addition, 20%-moisture sandy loam 2 and silt loam significantly decreased the body water content of pupae and emergence success of adults compared to 50%-moisture content. However, each measurement (percentage of burrowed individuals, pupation depth, body water content, or emergence success) was similar when compared among different moisture levels of sand. Interestingly, pupae buried with 80%-moisture soil exhibited significantly lower emergence success than that were unburied.

Pupation Behaviors and Emergence Successes of Ectropis grisescens (Lepidoptera: Geometridae) in Response to Different Substrate Types and Moisture Contents.

Article	Year
[Aromatic constituents in fresh leaves of Lingtou Dancong tea under Basilepta melanopus Lefevre stress]. Ying yong sheng tai xue bao = The journal of applied ecology / Zhongguo sheng tai xue xue hui, Zhongguo ke xue yuan Shenyang ying yong sheng tai yan jiu suo zhu ban\| PubMed ID: 17269334	2006
Purple foliage coloration in tea (Camellia sinensis L.) arises from activation of the R2R3-MYB transcription factor CsAN1. Scientific reports\| PubMed ID: 27581206	2016
Pupation Behaviors and Emergence Successes of Ectropis grisescens (Lepidoptera: Geometridae) in Response to Different Substrate Types and Moisture Contents. Environmental entomology\| PubMed ID: 29069472	2017

Panrong Cao

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