lung-fixation-under-constant-pressure-for-evaluation-emphysema

Lung Fixation under Constant Pressure for Evaluation of Emphysema in Mice

Emphysema is a significant feature of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Studies involving an emphysematous mouse model require optimal lung ...

Juntendo University

Loxoprofen is a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug used in the treatment of many diseases. However, there are no case reports about loxoprofen-induced pneumonia. We have encountered a rare case of loxoprofen-induced pneumonia.

Loxoprofen-induced interstitial pneumonia: a case report.

Cutaneous adenoid cystic carcinoma (CACC) is an extremely rare neoplasm of head and neck region, and is characterized by propensity for local recurrence and perineural invasion. Late distant metastases occur usually to lungs. Although patients with lung metastases from CACC cannot be cured, long-term survival may be possible due to its slow-growing malignancy. We report a case of a 69-year-old female with lung metastases from CACC 23 years after initial surgery of scalp nodule.

Lung metastases from cutaneous adenoid cystic carcinoma 23 years after initial treatment.

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is predominantly a cigarette smoke (CS)-triggered disease with features of chronic systemic inflammation. Oxidants derived from CS can induce DNA damage and stress-induced premature cellular senescence in the respiratory system, which play significant roles in COPD. Therefore, antioxidants should provide benefits for the treatment of COPD; however, their therapeutic potential remains limited owing to the complexity of this disease. Recently, molecular hydrogen (H) has been reported as a preventive and therapeutic antioxidant. Molecular H can selectively reduce hydroxyl radical accumulation with no known side effects, showing potential applications in managing oxidative stress, inflammation, apoptosis, and lipid metabolism. However, there have been no reports on the efficacy of molecular H in COPD patients. In the present study, we used a mouse model of COPD to investigate whether CS-induced histological damage in the lungs could be attenuated by administration of molecular H. We administered H-rich pure water to senescence marker protein 30 knockout (SMP30-KO) mice exposed to CS for 8 weeks. Administration of H-rich water attenuated the CS-induced lung damage in the SMP30-KO mice and reduced the mean linear intercept and destructive index of the lungs. Moreover, H-rich water significantly restored the static lung compliance in the CS-exposed mice compared with that in the CS-exposed H-untreated mice. Moreover, treatment with H-rich water decreased the levels of oxidative DNA damage markers such as phosphorylated histone H2AX and 8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine, and senescence markers such as cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor 2A, cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor 1, and β-galactosidase in the CS-exposed mice. These results demonstrated that H-rich pure water attenuated CS-induced emphysema in SMP30-KO mice by reducing CS-induced oxidative DNA damage and premature cell senescence in the lungs. Our study suggests that administration of molecular H may be a novel preventive and therapeutic strategy for COPD.

Hydrogen-rich pure water prevents cigarette smoke-induced pulmonary emphysema in SMP30 knockout mice.

A 28-year-old woman who was 34 weeks pregnant was admitted with complaints of cough and blood-stained sputum. After delivery of the baby at 37 weeks gestation, computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging revealed a tumor in the right lung and a 15-mm brain metastasis. A diagnosis of lung adenocarcinoma was made, cT4N3M1b (stage IV disease) by pleural fluid cytology. Additional testing for anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK) fusion protein showed a strongly positive result, which was then confirmed by fluorescence in situ hybridization. The patient was started on treatment with alectinib, and the tumor and brain metastasis had almost vanished by 2 months after the start of this treatment. In the literature, there are 59 reports of lung cancer diagnosed during pregnancy, including two cases of cancer with expression of ALK fusion protein and five cases showing epidermal growth factor receptor mutation. The type of mutation should be taken into consideration while selecting for the appropriate therapeutic strategy.

A Case of a Pregnant Woman Diagnosed as Having -rearranged Lung Adenocarcinoma.

Cigarette smoke (CS) exposure causes an abnormal inflammatory response, which can result in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Previous studies show that this disorder predominantly occurs in peripheral or small-airway areas, whereas the same condition has not been identified in the larger airways during the course of COPD. However, the different biochemical and genetic alterations occurring in response to CS exposure among airway epithelial cells from different sites in the lungs have not been fully investigated.

Regional heterogeneity in response of airway epithelial cells to cigarette smoke.

Idiopathic pleuroparenchymal fibroelastosis (IPPFE) is a rare interstitial pneumonia that is characterized by stiffness in both the upper lobes and pleura, which is evident on high resolution computed tomography (HRCT) of the chest. However, prognostic factors for IPPFE have not been identified yet.

Article	Year
Loxoprofen-induced interstitial pneumonia: a case report. Journal of medical case reports\| PubMed ID: 27225339	2016
Lung metastases from cutaneous adenoid cystic carcinoma 23 years after initial treatment. Respiratory medicine case reports\| PubMed ID: 28462081	2017
Hydrogen-rich pure water prevents cigarette smoke-induced pulmonary emphysema in SMP30 knockout mice. Biochemical and biophysical research communications\| PubMed ID: 28807355	2017
A Case of a Pregnant Woman Diagnosed as Having -rearranged Lung Adenocarcinoma. In vivo (Athens, Greece)\| PubMed ID: 30150445	2018
Regional heterogeneity in response of airway epithelial cells to cigarette smoke. BMC pulmonary medicine\| PubMed ID: 30180847	2018
Usual Interstitial Pneumonia Pattern in the Lower Lung Lobes as a Prognostic Factor in Idiopathic Pleuroparenchymal Fibroelastosis. Respiration; international review of thoracic diseases\| PubMed ID: 30522096	2019

Naoko Arano

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