oral-biofilm-analysis-palatal-expanders-fluorescence-situ

Oral Biofilm Analysis of Palatal Expanders by Fluorescence In-Situ Hybridization and Confocal Laser Scanning Microscopy

Confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM) of natural heterogeneous biofilm is today facilitated by a comprehensive range of staining techniques, one of ...

oral-biofilm-sampling-for-microbiome-analysis-in-healthy-children

Oral Biofilm Sampling for Microbiome Analysis in Healthy Children

Oral biofilm and its molecular analysis provide a basis for investigating various dental research and clinical questions. Knowledge of biofilm composition ...

Medical University of Graz

&#x5730;&#x8863;&#x662F;&#x5317;&#x65B9;&#x9488;&#x53F6;&#x6797;&#x7684;&#x4E00;&#x4E2A;&#x7A81;&#x51FA;&#x7279;&#x70B9;&#xFF0C;&#x5927;&#x91CF;&#x7269;&#x79CD;&#x88AB;&#x8BA4;&#x4E3A;&#x662F; circumboreal&#x3002;Circumboreal &#x6241;&#x5E73;&#x7269;&#x79CD;&#x771F;&#x6B63;&#x6784;&#x6210;&#x4E00;&#x5143;&#x7EC4;&#x5F88;&#x5C11;&#x53D7;&#x5230;&#x8003;&#x9A8C;&#x3002;&#x6211;&#x4EEC;&#x8C03;&#x67E5;&#x7684; Mycoblastus sanguinarius&#xFF0C;&#x4F17;&#x6240;&#x5468;&#x77E5;&#x7684;&#x9644;&#x751F;&#x82D4;&#x85D3;&#x7269;&#x79CD;&#x7684;&#x5317;&#x65B9;&#x68EE;&#x6797;&#xFF0C;&#x57FA;&#x4E8E;&#x6574;&#x4E2A;&#x5317;&#x534A;&#x7403;&#x9AD8;&#x7EAC;&#x5EA6;&#x4ECE;&#x6536;&#x96C6;&#x6750;&#x6599;&#x5316;&#x5B66;&#x4E2D;&#x7684;&#x5206;&#x5B50;&#x7CFB;&#x7EDF;&#x53D1;&#x80B2;&#x6A21;&#x5F0F;&#x3002;&#x4E09;&#x8F68;&#x8FF9;&#x6570;&#x636E;&#x96C6;&#x7684;&#x5185;&#x90E8;&#x8F6C;&#x5F55;&#x7684;&#x95F4;&#x9694; rDNA&#xFF0C;&#x7FFB;&#x8BD1;&#x4F38;&#x957F;&#x7CFB;&#x6570; 1-&alpha; &#x548C;&#x590D;&#x5236;&#x8BB8;&#x53EF;&#x8BC1;&#x56E0;&#x5B50; Mcm7 DNA &#x5E8F;&#x5217;&#x663E;&#x793A;&#x76F4;&#x5230;&#x5904;&#x7406;&#x6750;&#x6599;&#x73B0;&#x5728;&#x4F5C;&#x4E3A;&#x5C5E;&#x4E8E; M.sanguinarius &#x4E0D;&#x4F1A;&#x786E;&#x5B9E;&#x8868;&#x5355;&#x5185;&#x5C5E;&#x4E00;&#x5143;&#x7EC4;&#x548C;&#x6709;&#x522B;&#x4E8E;&#x5F3A;&#x70C8;&#x652F;&#x6301; Mycoblastus &#x7AF9;&#x3002;&#x590D;&#x6742;&#x7684; M.sanguinarius &#x51FA;&#x73B0;&#x7F55;&#x89C1;&#x7684; Mycoblastus glabrescens&#xFF0C;&#x8FD9;&#x76EE;&#x524D;&#x5DF2;&#x77E5;&#x4EC5;&#x4ECE;&#x897F;&#x5317;&#x592A;&#x5E73;&#x6D0B;&#x548C;&#x88AB;&#x91CD;&#x65B0;&#x53D1;&#x73B0;&#xFF0C;&#x672C;&#x7814;&#x7A76;&#x4E2D;&#x5BC6;&#x5207;&#x76F8;&#x5173;&#x3002;&#x4F46;&#x662F;&#xFF0C;&#x5728; M.sanguinarius s.lat&#x3002;&#x5728;&#x5317;&#x534A;&#x7403;&#xFF0C;&#x53EF;&#x4EE5;&#x6062;&#x590D;&#x4E24;&#x4E2A;&#x6DF1;&#x523B;&#x5206;&#x6B67;&#x548C;&#x5F62;&#x6001;&#x4E0A;&#x8FDE;&#x8D2F;&#x7269;&#x79CD;&#x3001; &#x5176;&#x4E2D;&#x4E4B;&#x4E00;&#x76F8;&#x5339;&#x914D;&#x7684;&#x5357;&#x534A;&#x7403;&#x7269;&#x79CD; Mycoblastus sanguinarioides &#x548C;&#x539F;&#x6765;&#x662F;&#x666E;&#x904D;&#x5728;&#x5317;&#x7F8E;&#x548C;&#x4E9A;&#x6D32;&#xFF0C;&#x800C;&#x5176;&#x4E2D;&#x4E4B;&#x4E00;&#x5BF9;&#x5E94;&#x4E8E; M.sanguinarius s.str&#x3002;M.sanguinarius &#x548C; M.sanguinarioides &#x5C55;&#x793A;&#x5730;&#x7406;&#x7ED3;&#x6784;&#x5316;&#x7684; clades&#xFF0C;&#x6700;&#x7A81;&#x51FA;&#x7684;&#x5206;&#x5E03;&#x5728;&#x4E1C;&#x4E9A;/&#x4E1C;&#x6B27;&#x5317;&#x7F8E;&#x5730;&#x533A;&#x548C;&#x5317;&#x7F8E;/&#x897F;&#x6B27;&#xFF0C;&#x5206;&#x522B;&#x989D;&#x5916;&#x4F4E;&#x7EA7;&#x9057;&#x4F20;&#x5206;&#x5316;&#x3002;&#x4ECE;&#x8FD9;&#x4E9B;&#x6700;&#x4F4E;&#x7EA7; clades &#x4E2A;&#x4EBA;&#x5F62;&#x6001;&#x4E0A;&#x96BE;&#x4EE5;&#x533A;&#x5206;&#x4F46;&#x8584;&#x5C42;&#x8272;&#x8C31;&#x6CD5;&#x7684;&#x5316;&#x5B66;&#x5206;&#x6790;&#x8868;&#x660E;&#x6BCF;&#x514B;&#x62C9;&#x5FB7;&#x62E5;&#x6709;&#x81EA;&#x5DF1;&#x8102;&#x80AA;&#x9178;&#x7684;&#x914D;&#x7F6E;&#x6587;&#x4EF6;&#xFF0C;&#x8868;&#x660E;&#x5316;&#x5B66;&#x5206;&#x5316;&#x4E4B;&#x524D;&#x5F62;&#x6001;&#x5206;&#x5316;&#x548C;&#x53EF;&#x80FD;&#x7684;&#x5F62;&#x6001;&#x7684;&#x524D;&#x594F;&#x3002;

&#x5317;&#x65B9;&#x6241;&#x5E73; Mycoblastus sanguinarius (Mycoblastaceae&#xFF0C;lichenized &#x5B50;&#x56CA;&#x83CC;&#x95E8;) &#x7684;&#x7CFB;&#x7EDF;&#x53D1;&#x80B2;&#x5206;&#x6790;&#x8868;&#x660E;&#x4E0E;&#x8102;&#x80AA;&#x9178;&#x914D;&#x7F6E;&#x6587;&#x4EF6;&#x76F8;&#x5173;&#x7684;&#x795E;&#x79D8; clades&#x3002;

Lichens are a prominent feature of northern conifer forests and a large number of species are thought to be circumboreal. Whether or not circumboreal lichen species really constitute monophyletic groups has seldom been tested. We investigated molecular phylogenetic patterns in the mycobiont of Mycoblastus sanguinarius, a well known epiphytic lichen species of the boreal forest, based on material collected from across the high latitude northern hemisphere. A three-locus dataset of internal transcribed spacer rDNA, translation elongation factor 1-Î± and replication licensing factor Mcm7 DNA sequences revealed that material treated until now as belonging to M. sanguinarius does indeed form a monophyletic group within the genus and is distinct from a strongly supported Mycoblastus affinis. The M. sanguinarius complex appears closely related to the rare Mycoblastus glabrescens, which is currently known only from the Pacific Northwest and was rediscovered during the present study. However, within M. sanguinarius s.lat. in the northern hemisphere, two deeply divergent and morphologically coherent species can be recovered, one of which matches the southern hemisphere species Mycoblastus sanguinarioides and turns out to be widespread in North America and Asia, and one of which corresponds to M. sanguinarius s.str. Both M. sanguinarius and M. sanguinarioides exhibit additional low-level genetic differentiation into geographically structured clades, the most prominent of which are distributed in East Asia/eastern North America and western North America/Europe, respectively. Individuals from these lowest-level clades are morphologically indistinguishable but chemical analyses by thin layer chromatography revealed that each clade possesses its own fatty acid profile, suggesting that chemical differentiation precedes morphological differentiation and may be a precursor to speciation.

A phylogenetic analysis of the boreal lichen Mycoblastus sanguinarius (Mycoblastaceae, lichenized Ascomycota) reveals cryptic clades correlated with fatty acid profiles.

Les lichens sont une caract&eacute;ristique importante de for&ecirc;ts de conif&egrave;res du Nord et un grand nombre d&#39;esp&egrave;ces est cens&eacute; &ecirc;tre circumbor&eacute;ale. Si oui ou non, esp&egrave;ces de lichens circumbor&eacute;ale constituent vraiment des groupes monophyl&eacute;tiques a rarement &eacute;t&eacute; test&eacute;. Nous avons &eacute;tudi&eacute; des profils mol&eacute;culaires phylog&eacute;n&eacute;tiques dans le mycobionte de Mycoblastus sanguinarius, une esp&egrave;ce bien connue de lichens &eacute;piphytes de la for&ecirc;t bor&eacute;ale, bas&eacute;e sur le mat&eacute;riel pr&eacute;lev&eacute; dans l&#39;h&eacute;misph&egrave;re nord de hautes latitudes. Un ensemble de donn&eacute;es trois loci espaceur interg&eacute;nique ADNr, facteur d&#39;&eacute;longation de traduction 1-&alpha; et la r&eacute;plication des s&eacute;quences d&#39;ADN de Mcm7 facteur de licence a r&eacute;v&eacute;l&eacute; que le mat&eacute;riau trait&eacute; jusqu&#39;&agrave; maintenant comme appartenant &agrave; M. sanguinarius fait en effet forme un groupe monophyl&eacute;tique au sein du genre et se distingue par un affinis Mycoblastus fortement support&eacute;. Le complexe de sanguinarius M. semble &eacute;troitement li&eacute;e &agrave; la rare glabrescens Mycoblastus, qui est actuellement connu seulement du Nord-Ouest du Pacifique et a &eacute;t&eacute; red&eacute;couvert au cours de la pr&eacute;sente &eacute;tude. Toutefois, au sein de M. sanguinarius s.lat. dans l&#39;h&eacute;misph&egrave;re Nord, deux esp&egrave;ces morphologiquement coh&eacute;rents et profond&eacute;ment divergentes peuvent &ecirc;tre r&eacute;cup&eacute;r&eacute;s, dont correspond &agrave; l&#39;esp&egrave;ce de l&#39;h&eacute;misph&egrave;re Sud Mycoblastus sanguinarioides et s&#39;av&egrave;re pour &ecirc;tre tr&egrave;s r&eacute;pandue en Am&eacute;rique du Nord et en Asie, et dont correspond &agrave; M. sanguinarius s.str. Tant M. sanguinarius et M. sanguinarioides pi&egrave;ce suppl&eacute;mentaire faible diff&eacute;renciation g&eacute;n&eacute;tique en clades structur&eacute;s sur le plan g&eacute;ographique, le plus important dont est distribu&eacute; dans l&#39;Asie/Am&eacute;rique du Nord et Am&eacute;rique du Nord/Europe occidentale, respectivement. Individus de ces clades de plus bas niveau sont morphologiquement indiscernables, mais des analyses chimiques par chromatographie sur couche mince a r&eacute;v&eacute;l&eacute; que chaque clade poss&egrave;de son propre profil d&#39;acide gras, sugg&eacute;rant que la diff&eacute;renciation chimique pr&eacute;c&egrave;de la diff&eacute;renciation morphologique et peut &ecirc;tre un pr&eacute;curseur de la sp&eacute;ciation.

Une analyse phylog&eacute;n&eacute;tique de la for&ecirc;t bor&eacute;ale lichen Mycoblastus sanguinarius (Mycoblastaceae, Ascomycota lich&eacute;nis&eacute;) r&eacute;v&egrave;le des clades cryptiques en corr&eacute;lation avec les profils d&#39;acides gras.

Flechten sind ein Charakteristikum der n&ouml;rdlichen Nadelbaum W&auml;lder und eine gro&szlig;e Anzahl von Arten sind wahrscheinlich circumboreal. Ob circumboreal Flechtenarten wirklich monophyletische Gruppen bilden selten wurde getestet. Wir untersuchten Molekulare phylogenetische Muster in das Mycobiont Mycoblastus Sanguinarius, eine bekannte epiphytisch Flechtenarten des borealen Waldes, basierend auf Material von &uuml;ber der Nordhalbkugel hohen Breitengrad gesammelt. Ein drei-Locus-Datenbestand des internen transkribierte Abstandhalter rDNA, &Uuml;bersetzung Dehnung-Faktor 1-&alpha; und Replikation Lizenzierung Faktor Mcm7 DNA-Sequenzen ergeben, dass Material bis behandelt, jetzt als geh&ouml;ren M. Sanguinarius in der Tat Form eine monophyletische Gruppe innerhalb der Gattung ist und unterscheidet sich von einer stark unterst&uuml;tzte Mycoblastus Affinis. Die M. Sanguinarius komplex erscheint eng verwandt, die seltenen Mycoblastus Glabrescens, die ist nur aus dem Pacific Northwest bekannt und wurde in der vorliegenden Studie wiederentdeckt. Jedoch innerhalb von M. Sanguinarius s.lat. in der n&ouml;rdlichen Hemisph&auml;re zwei sehr unterschiedliche und morphologisch koh&auml;rente Arten k&ouml;nnen wiederhergestellt werden, von denen die S&uuml;dhalbkugel Arten Mycoblastus Sanguinarioides &uuml;bereinstimmt und entpuppt sich als weit verbreitet in Nordamerika und Asien, und von denen entspricht M. Sanguinarius s.str. M. Sanguinarius und M. Sanguinarioides weisen zus&auml;tzliche auf niedriger Ebene genetische Differenzierung in geografisch strukturierte Kladen, die bekannteste davon in Ostasien/&ouml;stliches Nordamerika und westlichen Nordamerika/Europa, bzw. verteilt werden. Personen aus diesen niedrigsten Kladen sind morphologisch nicht unterscheiden, aber chemische Analysen durch D&uuml;nnschichtchromatographie ergab, dass jede Gruppe eine eigene Fetts&auml;ureprofil besitzt, was darauf hindeutet, dass chemische Differenzierung vorangestellt ist die morphologische Differenzierung und kann ein Vorl&auml;ufer der Artbildung.

Eine phylogenetische Analyse der borealen Flechte Mycoblastus Sanguinarius (Mycoblastaceae, lichenized Schlauchpilze) enth&uuml;llt kryptische Kladen korreliert mit Fetts&auml;ure-Profilen.

I licheni sono una caratteristica importante delle foreste di conifere del Nord e un gran numero di specie &egrave; pensato per essere Circumboreale. O meno specie di licheni Circumboreale davvero costituire gruppi monofiletici raramente &egrave; stato testato. Abbiamo studiato modelli filogenetiche molecolare in mycobiont di Mycoblastus sanguinarius, una specie di licheni epifiti ben noto della foresta boreale, basata su materiale raccolto da tutto l&#39;emisfero settentrionale ad alta latitudine. Un dataset di tre-locus di interni trascritti distanziale rDNA, traduzione allungamento factor 1-&alpha; e licenze di sequenze di DNA Mcm7 di fattore di replica ha rivelato che il materiale trattato fino a ora come appartenendo a M. sanguinarius fa infatti forma un gruppo monofiletico all&#39;interno del genere ed &egrave; distinto da un affinis Mycoblastus fortemente supportati. Il M. sanguinarius complesso appare strettamente imparentato con il raro Mycoblastus glabrescens, che attualmente &egrave; conosciuto soltanto da nord-ovest pacifico e fu riscoperta durante il presente studio. Tuttavia, all&#39;interno di M. sanguinarius s.lat. nell&#39;emisfero settentrionale, due specie morfologicamente coerente e profondamente divergente possono essere recuperati, uno dei quali corrisponde la specie dell&#39;emisfero australe Mycoblastus sanguinarioides e risulta per essere molto diffuso in Nord America e Asia, e uno dei quali corrisponde a M. sanguinarius sensu stricto. Sia sanguinarius M. e M. sanguinarioides esibiscono ulteriore differenziazione genetica a basso livello in cladi strutturate geograficamente, il pi&ugrave; importante dei quali sono distribuito in Asia orientale/orientale del Nord America e Nord America/Europa occidentale, rispettivamente. Gli individui da questi cladi di livello pi&ugrave; basso sono morfologicamente indistinguibili, ma analisi chimiche mediante cromatografia a strato sottile ha rivelato che ogni clade possiede un proprio profilo degli acidi grassi, suggerendo che la differenziazione chimica precede la differenziazione morfologica e pu&ograve; essere un precursore di speciazione.

Un&#39;analisi filogenetica del lichene boreale Mycoblastus sanguinarius (Mycoblastaceae, lichene Ascomycota) rivela criptici cladi correlati con profili degli acidi grassi.

&#x5730;&#x8863;&#x985E;&#x5317;&#x90E8;&#x306E;&#x91DD;&#x8449;&#x6A39;&#x6797;&#x306E;&#x9855;&#x8457;&#x306A;&#x7279;&#x5FB4;&#x306F;&#x3001;&#x30ED;&#x30B0;&#x30C6;&#x30FC;&#x30D6;&#x30EB;&#x7A2E;&#x6570;&#x304C;&#x591A;&#x3044;&#x3068;&#x8003;&#x3048;&#x3089;&#x308C;&#x307E;&#x3059;&#x3002;&#x30ED;&#x30B0;&#x30C6;&#x30FC;&#x30D6;&#x30EB;&#x5730;&#x8863;&#x985E;&#x306E;&#x7A2E;&#x304C;&#x672C;&#x5F53;&#x306B;&#x5358;&#x7CFB;&#x7D71;&#x306E;&#x30B0;&#x30EB;&#x30FC;&#x30D7;&#x3092;&#x69CB;&#x6210;&#x3059;&#x308B;&#x304B;&#x3069;&#x3046;&#x304B;&#x306F;&#x3081;&#x3063;&#x305F;&#x306B;&#x30C6;&#x30B9;&#x30C8;&#x3055;&#x308C;&#x3066;&#x3044;&#x307E;&#x3059;&#x3002;&#x5206;&#x5B50;&#x7CFB;&#x7D71;&#x6A39;&#x306E;&#x30D1;&#x30BF;&#x30FC;&#x30F3; Mycoblastus sanguinarius&#x3001;&#x5317;&#x534A;&#x7403;&#x306E;&#x9AD8;&#x7DEF;&#x5EA6;&#x9593;&#x3067;&#x304B;&#x3089;&#x96C6;&#x3081;&#x305F;&#x8CC7;&#x6599;&#x306B;&#x57FA;&#x3065;&#x3044;&#x3066;&#x3001;&#x5317;&#x65B9;&#x6797;&#x306E;&#x7740;&#x751F;&#x5730;&#x8863;&#x985E;&#x3088;&#x304F;&#x77E5;&#x3089;&#x308C;&#x3066;&#x3044;&#x308B;&#x7A2E;&#x306E;&#x30C4;&#x30C1;&#x30A2;&#x30B1;&#x30D3;&#x3092;&#x691C;&#x8A0E;&#x3057;&#x307E;&#x3057;&#x305F;&#x3002;3 &#x8ECC;&#x8DE1;&#x30C7;&#x30FC;&#x30BF;&#x30BB;&#x30C3;&#x30C8;&#x306E;&#x5185;&#x90E8;&#x8EE2;&#x5199;&#x30B9;&#x30DA;&#x30FC;&#x30B5;&#x30FC; rDNA&#x3001;&#x7FFB;&#x8A33;&#x4F38;&#x9577;&#x56E0;&#x5B50; 1 &alpha; &#x304A;&#x3088;&#x3073;&#x30EC;&#x30D7;&#x30EA;&#x30B1;&#x30FC;&#x30B7;&#x30E7;&#x30F3;&#x56E0;&#x5B50; Mcm7 &#x306E; DNA &#x30B7;&#x30FC;&#x30B1;&#x30F3;&#x30B9;&#x306E;&#x30E9;&#x30A4;&#x30BB;&#x30F3;&#x30B9;&#x307E;&#x3067;&#x4ECA;&#x3068;&#x3057;&#x3066;&#x8AA0;&#x306B;&#x5C5E;&#x3059;&#x308B; sanguinarius &#x78BA;&#x304B;&#x306B;&#x30D5;&#x30A9;&#x30FC;&#x30E0;&#x306F;&#x5C5E;&#x5185;&#x5358;&#x7CFB;&#x7D71;&#x7FA4;&#x306F;&#x3001;&#x5F37;&#x304F;&#x30B5;&#x30DD;&#x30FC;&#x30C8;&#x3055;&#x308C;&#x3066;&#x3044;&#x308B; Mycoblastus &#x30A2;&#x30D5;&#x30A3;&#x30CB;&#x30B9;&#x304B;&#x3089;&#x533A;&#x5225;&#x3055;&#x308C;&#x308B;&#x7D20;&#x6750;&#x3092;&#x51E6;&#x7406;&#x3059;&#x308B;&#x3053;&#x3068;&#x3092;&#x660E;&#x3089;&#x304B;&#x306B;&#x3002;&#x8907;&#x96D1;&#x306A; M. sanguinarius &#x306F;&#x73FE;&#x5728;&#x3001;&#x592A;&#x5E73;&#x6D0B;&#x5CB8;&#x5317;&#x897F;&#x90E8;&#x304B;&#x3089;&#x306E;&#x307F;&#x77E5;&#x3089;&#x308C;&#x3066;&#x3044;&#x308B;&#x672C;&#x7814;&#x7A76;&#x4E2D;&#x306B;&#x518D;&#x767A;&#x898B;&#x3055;&#x308C;&#x305F;&#x307E;&#x308C;&#x306A;&#x306E; Mycoblastus glabrescens &#x306B;&#x5BC6;&#x63A5;&#x306B;&#x95A2;&#x9023;&#x3059;&#x308B;&#x304C;&#x8868;&#x793A;&#x3055;&#x308C;&#x307E;&#x3059;&#x3002;&#x305F;&#x3060;&#x3057;&#x3001;M. sanguinarius s.lat &#x5185;&#x3002;&#x5317;&#x534A;&#x7403;&#x3067; 2 &#x6DF1;&#x304F;&#x767A;&#x6563;&#x3068;&#x5F62;&#x614B;&#x5B66;&#x7684;&#x30B3;&#x30D2;&#x30FC;&#x30EC;&#x30F3;&#x30C8;&#x7A2E;&#x3092;&#x56DE;&#x5FA9;&#x3067;&#x304D;&#x308B;&#x3001;1 &#x3064;&#x306E;&#x5357;&#x534A;&#x7403;&#x7A2E; Mycoblastus sanguinarioides &#x3068;&#x4E00;&#x81F4;&#x3057;&#x3066;&#x3001;&#x5317;&#x7C73;&#x3068;&#x30A2;&#x30B8;&#x30A2;&#x3067;&#x5E83;&#x307E;&#x3063;&#x3066;&#x3044;&#x308B;&#x3053;&#x3068;&#x304C;&#x5224;&#x660E;&#x3057;&#x3001;1 &#x3064;&#x306E; M. sanguinarius s.str &#x306B;&#x5BFE;&#x5FDC;&#x3057;&#x307E;&#x3059;&#x3002;M. sanguinarius &#x3068; M. sanguinarioides &#x8FFD;&#x52A0;&#x306E;&#x4F4E;&#x30EC;&#x30D9;&#x30EB;&#x306E;&#x907A;&#x4F1D;&#x7684;&#x5206;&#x5316;&#x306B;&#x6700;&#x3082;&#x8457;&#x540D;&#x306A;&#x5317;&#x30A2;&#x30E1;&#x30EA;&#x30AB;&#x306E;&#x6771;&#x30A2;&#x30B8;&#x30A2;/&#x6771;&#x90E8;&#x3068;&#x897F;&#x90E8;&#x5317;&#x30A2;&#x30E1;&#x30EA;&#x30AB;/&#x30E8;&#x30FC;&#x30ED;&#x30C3;&#x30D1;&#x3001;&#x305D;&#x308C;&#x305E;&#x308C;&#x5206;&#x6563;&#x306F;&#x3001;&#x5730;&#x7406;&#x7684;&#x306B;&#x69CB;&#x9020;&#x5316;&#x3055;&#x308C;&#x305F;&#x30AF;&#x30EC;&#x30FC;&#x30C9;&#x3092;&#x5C55;&#x793A;&#x3057;&#x307E;&#x3059;&#x3002;&#x3053;&#x308C;&#x3089;&#x306E;&#x6700;&#x4F4E;&#x30EC;&#x30D9;&#x30EB;&#x306E;&#x30AF;&#x30EC;&#x30FC;&#x30C9;&#x304B;&#x3089;&#x500B;&#x4EBA;&#x3068;&#x5F62;&#x614B;&#x5B66;&#x7684;&#x533A;&#x5225;&#x3067;&#x304D;&#x306A;&#x3044;&#x304C;&#x3001;&#x8584;&#x5C64;&#x30AF;&#x30ED;&#x30DE;&#x30C8;&#x30B0;&#x30E9;&#x30D5;&#x30A3;&#x30FC;&#x306B;&#x3088;&#x308B;&#x5316;&#x5B66;&#x5206;&#x6790;&#x5404;&#x30AF;&#x30EC;&#x30FC;&#x30C9;&#x5316;&#x5B66;&#x5206;&#x5316;&#x5F62;&#x614B;&#x5206;&#x5316;&#x3092;&#x5148;&#x884C;&#x3057;&#x3001;&#x30B9;&#x30DA;&#x30B7;&#x30A8;&#x30FC;&#x30B7;&#x30E7;&#x30F3;&#x3078;&#x306E;&#x524D;&#x99C6;&#x4F53;&#x304B;&#x3082;&#x3057;&#x308C;&#x306A;&#x3044;&#x3053;&#x3068;&#x3092;&#x793A;&#x5506;&#x3057;&#x3066;&#x3001;&#x72EC;&#x81EA;&#x306E;&#x8102;&#x80AA;&#x9178;&#x30D7;&#x30ED;&#x30D5;&#x30A1;&#x30A4;&#x30EB;&#x3092;&#x6709;&#x3057;&#x3066;&#x3044;&#x308B;&#x3053;&#x3068;&#x3092;&#x660E;&#x3089;&#x304B;&#x306B;&#x3057;&#x307E;&#x3057;&#x305F;&#x3002;

&#x5317;&#x65B9;&#x5730;&#x8863;&#x985E; Mycoblastus sanguinarius (Mycoblastaceae, lichenized &#x5B50;&#x56A2;&#x83CC;&#x9580;) &#x306E;&#x7CFB;&#x7D71;&#x89E3;&#x6790;&#x3067;&#x306F;&#x4E0D;&#x53EF;&#x89E3;&#x306A;&#x30AF;&#x30EC;&#x30FC;&#x30C9;&#x306E;&#x8102;&#x80AA;&#x9178;&#x7D44;&#x6210;&#x3068;&#x306E;&#x76F8;&#x95A2;&#x3092;&#x660E;&#x3089;&#x304B;&#x306B;&#x3057;&#x307E;&#x3059;&#x3002;

&#xC774;&#xB07C;&#xB294; &#xBD81;&#xBD80; &#xCE68; &#xC5FD; &#xC218; &#xC232;&#xC758; &#xB208;&#xC5D0; &#xB744;&#xB294; &#xAE30;&#xB2A5;&#xC740; &#xACE0; &#xC885; &#xC218;&#xAC00; &#xB9CE;&#xC740; circumboreal &#xC0DD;&#xAC01; &#xB41C;&#xB2E4;. &#xB4DC;&#xBB3C;&#xAC8C; &#xC5EC;&#xBD80; circumboreal &#xC774;&#xB07C; &#xC885; &#xC815;&#xB9D0; monophyletic &#xADF8;&#xB8F9; &#xAD6C;&#xC131; &#xD14C;&#xC2A4;&#xD2B8; &#xB418;&#xC5C8;&#xC2B5;&#xB2C8;&#xB2E4;. &#xC6B0;&#xB9AC; &#xC870;&#xC0AC; &#xBD84;&#xC790; phylogenetic &#xD328;&#xD134; Mycoblastus sanguinarius, &#xB192;&#xC740; &#xC704;&#xB3C4; &#xBD81;&#xBC18;&#xAD6C; &#xC804;&#xC5ED;&#xC5D0;&#xC11C; &#xC218;&#xC9D1; &#xB41C; &#xC790;&#xB8CC;&#xC5D0; &#xAE30;&#xBC18; &#xD558;&#xB294; &#xB300;&#xB9BC;&#xC758; &#xC798; &#xC54C;&#xB824;&#xC9C4; epiphytic &#xC774;&#xB07C; &#xC885; mycobiont. &#xB0B4;&#xBD80; &#xBCA0;&#xB080;&#xB41C; &#xC2A4;&#xD398;&#xC774;&#xC11C; rDNA, &#xBC88;&#xC5ED; &#xC2E0;&#xC7A5; &#xC694;&#xC778;&#xC758; 3-&#xB85C;&#xCEE4; &#xC2A4; &#xB370;&#xC774;&#xD130; &#xC9D1;&#xD569; 1-&alpha;&#xC640; &#xBCF5;&#xC81C; &#xC694;&#xC18C; Mcm7 DNA &#xC2DC;&#xD000;&#xC2A4;&#xB97C; &#xB77C;&#xC774;&#xC120;&#xC2A4; &#xACF5;&#xAC1C; &#xC9C0;&#xAE08; M.&#xC5D0; &#xC18D;&#xD558;&#xB294; &#xAC83;&#xC73C;&#xB85C; sanguinarius&#xC740; &#xC2E4;&#xC81C;&#xB85C; &#xC591;&#xC2DD; &#xC18D; &#xB0B4; monophyletic &#xADF8;&#xB8F9; &#xD558; &#xACE0; &#xAC15;&#xB825; &#xD558; &#xAC8C; &#xC9C0;&#xC6D0; &#xB418;&#xB294; Mycoblastus affinis&#xC5D0;&#xC11C; &#xB2E4;&#xB978; &#xC7AC;&#xB8CC;&#xAE4C;&#xC9C0; &#xCDE8;&#xAE09;. &#xBCF5;&#xC7A1; &#xD55C; M. sanguinarius&#xB294; &#xD604;&#xC7AC; &#xBD81; &#xC11C; &#xD0DC;&#xD3C9;&#xC591;&#xC5D0;&#xC11C;&#xB9CC; &#xC54C;&#xB824;&#xC838; &#xC788;&#xC73C;&#xBA70;, &#xD604;&#xC7AC;&#xC758; &#xC5F0;&#xAD6C; &#xAE30;&#xAC04; &#xB3D9;&#xC548; &#xC7AC;&#xBC1C;&#xACAC; &#xD588;&#xB2E4; &#xB4DC;&#xBB38; Mycoblastus glabrescens &#xBC00;&#xC811; &#xD558; &#xAC8C; &#xAD00;&#xB828;&#xC774; &#xB098;&#xD0C0;&#xB0A9;&#xB2C8;&#xB2E4;. &#xADF8;&#xB7EC;&#xB098;, &#xB0B4;&#xC5D0;&#xC11C; M. sanguinarius s.lat. &#xBD81;&#xBC18;&#xAD6C;, &#xAE4A;&#xC774; &#xBD84;&#xAE30; &#xBC0F; &#xD615;&#xD0DC;&#xD559; &#xC77C;&#xAD00; &#xB41C; &#xC885; &#xB450;&#xB97C; &#xBCF5;&#xAD6C;&#xD560; &#xC218;, &#xC911; &#xD558;&#xB098;&#xB294; &#xC77C;&#xCE58; &#xD558;&#xB294; &#xB0A8;&#xBC18;&#xAD6C; &#xC885; Mycoblastus sanguinarioides &#xBD81;&#xBBF8;&#xC640; &#xC544;&#xC2DC;&#xC544;&#xC5D0; &#xD655;&#xC0B0; &#xB418; &#xACE0; &#xBC1D;&#xD600; &#xBC0F; &#xC911; &#xD558;&#xB098;&#xB294; &#xD574;&#xB2F9; M. sanguinarius s.str. M. sanguinarius&#xC640; M. sanguinarioides&#xB294; &#xAC00;&#xC7A5; &#xB208;&#xC5D0; &#xB744;&#xB294; &#xBD84;&#xC0B0; &#xB418;&#xC5B4; &#xB3D9;&#xC544;&#xC2DC;&#xC544;/&#xB3D9;&#xBD80; &#xBD81;&#xBBF8;&#xC640; &#xC11C; &#xBD80; &#xBD81;&#xBBF8;/&#xC720;&#xB7FD;&#xC5D0;&#xC11C; &#xAC01;&#xAC01; &#xC9C0;&#xB9AC;&#xC801;&#xC73C;&#xB85C; &#xAD6C;&#xC870;&#xD654; &#xB41C; clades&#xC5D0; &#xCD94;&#xAC00; &#xB0AE;&#xC740; &#xC218;&#xC900;&#xC758; &#xC720;&#xC804; &#xBD84;&#xD654; &#xC804;&#xC2DC;. &#xC774;&#xB7EC;&#xD55C; &#xCD5C;&#xC800; &#xC218;&#xC900;&#xC758; clades&#xC5D0;&#xC11C; &#xAC1C;&#xC778; &#xD615;&#xD0DC;&#xD559; &#xAD6C;&#xBCC4;&#xD560; &#xC218; &#xC788;&#xC9C0;&#xB9CC; &#xC587;&#xC740; &#xCE35; &#xD06C;&#xB85C;&#xB9C8;&#xD1A0;&#xADF8;&#xB798;&#xD53C;&#xC5D0; &#xC758;&#xD574; &#xD654;&#xD559; &#xBD84;&#xC11D; &#xAC01; clade &#xD654;&#xD559; &#xCC28;&#xBCC4;&#xD654; &#xD615;&#xD0DC;&#xD559; &#xCC28;&#xBCC4;&#xD654; &#xC55E; &#xC81C;&#xC548; speciation&#xC5D0; &#xB300; &#xD55C; &#xC804;&#xC870; &#xC218; &#xC788;&#xC2B5;&#xB2C8;&#xB2E4; &#xC9C0;&#xBC29;&#xC0B0; &#xD504;&#xB85C;&#xD544; &#xC790;&#xCCB4; &#xBCF4;&#xC720; &#xD558; &#xACE0; &#xACC4;&#xC2DC;.

&#xBD81;&#xB158; &#xC774;&#xB07C; Mycoblastus sanguinarius (Mycoblastaceae, lichenized Ascomycota)&#xC758; phylogenetic &#xBD84;&#xC11D; &#xACB0;&#xACFC; &#xC9C0;&#xBC29;&#xC0B0; &#xD504;&#xB85C;&#xD544; &#xC0C1;&#xAD00; &#xAD00;&#xACC4;&#xAC00; &#xC560;&#xB9E4; &#xD55C; clades.

Los liquenes son una caracter&iacute;stica prominente de bosques de con&iacute;feras del norte y un gran n&uacute;mero de especies se considera circumboreal. Incluso especies de l&iacute;quenes circumboreal realmente constituyen grupos monofil&eacute;ticos rara vez ha sido probado. Investigamos patrones filogen&eacute;ticos moleculares en la mycobiont de Mycoblastus sanguinarius, una especie de liquen ep&iacute;fitas conocida del bosque boreal, basado en el material recolectado de todo el hemisferio norte de alta latitud. Un conjunto de datos de tres geom&eacute;trico del espaciador transcrito interno rDNA, factor de elongaci&oacute;n traducci&oacute;n 1-&alpha; y replicaci&oacute;n licencias de secuencias de ADN de Mcm7 factor revelaron que el material tratado hasta ahora como pertenecientes al M. colgante hace de hecho forma un grupo monofil&eacute;tico dentro del g&eacute;nero y es distinto de un fuertemente apoyado affinis Mycoblastus. El colgante de M. complejo aparece estrechamente relacionada con la rara glabrescens de Mycoblastus, que actualmente se conoce s&oacute;lo por el noroeste del Pac&iacute;fico y fue redescubierto durante el presente estudio. Sin embargo, dentro de M. colgante s.lat. en el hemisferio norte, dos especies morfol&oacute;gicamente coherentes y profundamente divergentes pueden ser recuperadas, uno de los cuales coincide con la especie Mycoblastus sanguinarioides del hemisferio sur y resulta para ser generalizada en Am&eacute;rica del norte y Asia, y uno de los cuales corresponde a M. colgante s.str. Tanto M. sanguinarius y M. sanguinarioides exhiben diferenciaci&oacute;n gen&eacute;tica bajo nivel adicional en clados geogr&aacute;ficamente estructuradas, el m&aacute;s prominente de los cuales se distribuye en Asia oriental/este de Am&eacute;rica del norte y Am&eacute;rica del norte/Europa occidental, respectivamente. Individuos de estos clades de nivel m&aacute;s bajo son morfol&oacute;gicamente indistinguibles pero an&aacute;lisis qu&iacute;micos por cromatograf&iacute;a en capa fina revelaron que cada grupo posee su propio perfil de &aacute;cidos grasos, sugiriendo que la diferenciaci&oacute;n qu&iacute;mica precede la diferenciaci&oacute;n morfol&oacute;gica y puede ser un precursor de la especiaci&oacute;n.

Un an&aacute;lisis filogen&eacute;tico de los l&iacute;quenes boreal Mycoblastus colgante (Mycoblastaceae, Ascomycota liquenizado) revela clados cr&iacute;pticos correlacionados con perfiles de &aacute;cidos grasos.

Despite the input of microbiome research, a group of 20 bacteria continues to be the focus of periodontal diagnostics and therapy. The aim of this study was to compare three commercial kits and laboratory-developed primer pairs for effectiveness in detecting such periodontopathogens.

Accuracy of commercial kits and published primer pairs for the detection of periodontopathogens.

Background: Oral biofilm studies based on simplified experimental setups are difficult to interpret. Models are limited mostly by the number of bacterial species observed and the insufficiency of artificial media. Few studies have attempted to overcome these limitations and to cultivate native oral biofilm. Aims: This study aimed to grow oral biofilm in vivo before transfer to a biofilm reactor for ex situ incubation. The in vitro survival of this oral biofilm and the changes in bacterial composition over time were observed. Methods: Six human enamel-dentin slabs embedded buccally in dental splints were used as biofilm carriers. Fitted individually to the upper jaw of 25 non-smoking male volunteers, the splints were worn continuously for 48 h. During this time, tooth-brushing and alcohol-consumption were not permitted. The biofilm was then transferred on slabs into a biofilm reactor and incubated there for 48 h while being nourished in BHI medium. Live/dead staining and confocal laser scanning microscopy were used to observe bacterial survival over four points in time: directly after removal (T0) and after 1 (T1), 24 (T2), and 48 h (T3) of incubation. Bacterial diversity at T0 and T3 was compared with 454-pyrosequencing. Fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) was performed to show specific taxa. Survival curves were calculated with a specially designed MATLAB script. Acacia and QIIME 1.9.1 were used to process pyrosequencing data. SPSS 21.0 and R 3.3.1 were used for statistical analysis. Results: After initial fluctuations at T1, survival curves mostly showed approximation of the bacterial numbers to the initial level at T3. Pyrosequencing analysis resulted in 117 OTUs common to all samples. The genera Streptococcus and Veillonella (both Firmicutes) dominated at T0 and T3. They make up two thirds of the biofilm. Genera with lower relative abundance had grown significantly at T3. FISH analysis confirmed the pyrosequencing results, i.e., the predominant staining of Firmicutes. Conclusion: We demonstrate the in vitro survival of native primary oral biofilm in its natural complexity over 48 h. Our results offer a baseline for cultivation studies of native oral biofilms in (phyto-) pharmacological and dental materials research. Further investigations and validation of culturing conditions could also facilitate the study of biofilm-induced diseases.

From Mouth to Model: Combining in vivo and in vitro Oral Biofilm Growth.

Background: Oral microbiota are considered major players in the development of periodontal diseases. Thorough knowledge of intact subgingival microbiomes is required to elucidate microbial shifts from health to disease. Aims: This comparative study investigated the subgingival microbiome of healthy children, possible inter- and intra-individual effects of modified sampling, and basic comparability of subgingival microprints. Methods: In five 10-year-old children, biofilm was collected from the upper first premolars and first molars using sterilized, UV-treated paper-points inserted into the subgingival sulcus at eight sites. After supragingival cleaning using an electric toothbrush and water, sampling was performed, firstly, excluding (Mode A) and, secondly, including (Mode B) cleansing with sterile cotton pellets. DNA was extracted from the pooled samples, and primers targeting 16S rRNA hypervariable regions V5 and V6 were used for 454-pyrosequencing. Wilcoxon signed rank test and t-test were applied to compare sampling modes. Principal coordinate analysis (PCoA) and average agglomerative hierarchical clustering were calculated with unweighted UniFrac distance matrices. Sample grouping was tested with permutational MANOVA (Adonis). Results: Data filtering and quality control yielded 67,218 sequences with an average sequence length of 243bp (SD 6.52; range 231-255). Actinobacteria (2.8-24.6%), Bacteroidetes (9.2-25.1%), Proteobacteria (4.9-50.6%), Firmicutes (16.5-57.4%), and Fusobacteria (2.2-17.1%) were the five major phyla found in all samples. Differences in microbial abundances between sampling modes were not evident. High sampling numbers are needed to achieve significance for rare bacterial phyla. Samples taken from one individual using different sampling modes were more similar to each other than to other individuals' samples. PCoA and hierarchical clustering showed a grouping of the paired samples. Permutational MANOVA did not reveal sample grouping by sampling modes (p = 0.914 by R2 = 0.09). Conclusion: A slight modification of sampling mode has minor effects corresponding to a natural variability in the microbiome profiles of healthy children. The inter-individual variability in subgingival microprints is greater than intra-individual differences. Statistical analyses of microbial populations should consider this baseline variability and move beyond mere quantification with input from visual analytics. Comparative results are difficult to summarize as methods for studying huge datasets are still evolving. Advanced approaches are needed for sample size calculations in clinical settings.

ArticleTotal : 2	Year
Publication title Cited by 20	2011
Publication title Cited by 16	2017

Article	Year
A phylogenetic analysis of the boreal lichen Mycoblastus sanguinarius (Mycoblastaceae, lichenized Ascomycota) reveals cryptic clades correlated with fatty acid profiles. Molecular phylogenetics and evolution\| PubMed ID: 21443957	2011
Accuracy of commercial kits and published primer pairs for the detection of periodontopathogens. Clinical oral investigations\| PubMed ID: 27020914	2016
From Mouth to Model: Combining in vivo and in vitro Oral Biofilm Growth. Frontiers in microbiology\| PubMed ID: 27708626	2016
Sampling Modification Effects in the Subgingival Microbiome Profile of Healthy Children. Frontiers in microbiology\| PubMed ID: 28149291	2016

Barbara Klug

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