a-novel-stromal-fibroblast-modulated-3d-tumor-spheroid-model-for

A Novel Stromal Fibroblast-Modulated 3D Tumor Spheroid Model for Studying Tumor-Stroma Interaction and Drug Discovery

Tumor-stroma interactions play an important role in cancer progression. Three-dimensional (3D) tumor spheroid models are the most widely used in vitro ...

University of Miami School of Medicine

Extramammary Paget's disease (EMPD) is an adenocarcinoma of the apocrine glands with unknown exact prevalence and obscure etiology. It has been divided into primary EMPD and secondary EMPD, in which an internal malignancy is usually associated. Treatment for primary EMPD usually consists of wide lesion excision with negative margins. Multiple methods have been proposed to obtain free-margin status of the disease. These include visible border lesion excision, punch biopsies, and micrographic and frozen-section surgery, with different results but still high recurrence rates.

Staged marginal contoured and central excision technique in the surgical management of perianal Paget's disease.

Mesenchymal stem cells-derived fibroblasts (MSC-DF) constitute a significant portion of stromal fibroblasts in the tumor microenvironment (TME) and are key modulators of tumor progression. However, the molecular mechanisms that determine their tumor-regulatory function are poorly understood. Here, we uncover the Notch1 pathway as a molecular determinant that selectively controls the regulatory role of MSC-DF in melanoma metastasis. We demonstrate that the Notch1 pathway's activity is inversely correlated with the metastasis-regulating function of fibroblasts and can determine the metastasis-promoting or -suppressing phenotype of MSC-DF. When co-grafted with melanoma cells, MSC-DFNotch1-/- selectively promote, while MSC-DFN1IC+/+ preferentially suppress melanoma metastasis, but not growth, in mouse models. Consistently, conditioned media (CM) from MSC-DFNotch1-/- and MSC-DFN1IC+/+ oppositely, yet selectively regulates migration, but not growth of melanoma cells in vitro. Additionally, when co-cultured with metastatic melanoma cells in vitro, MSC-DFNotch1-/- support, while MSC-DFN1IC+/+ inhibit melanoma cells in the formation of spheroids. These findings expand the repertoire of Notch1 signaling as a molecular switch in determining the tumor metastasis-regulating function of MSC-DF. We also identified Wnt-induced secreted protein-1 (WISP-1) as a key downstream secretory mediator of Notch1 signaling to execute the influential role of MSC-DF on melanoma metastasis. These findings reveal the Notch1-WISP-1 axis as a crucial molecular determinant in governing stromal regulation of melanoma metastasis; thus, establishing this axis as a potential therapeutic target for melanoma metastasis.

Notch1-WISP-1 axis determines the regulatory role of mesenchymal stem cell-derived stromal fibroblasts in melanoma metastasis.

Cancer stem cells (CSCs) play critical roles in cancer initiation, metastasis, recurrence, and drug resistance. Recent studies have revealed involvement of cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) in regulating CSCs. However, the intracellular molecular mechanisms that determine the regulatory role of CAFs in modulating the plasticity of CSCs remain unknown. Here, we uncovered that intracellular Notch1 signaling in CAFs serves as a molecular switch, which modulates tumor heterogeneity and aggressiveness by inversely controlling stromal regulation of the plasticity and stemness of CSCs. Using mesenchymal stem cell-derived fibroblasts (MSC-DF) harboring reciprocal loss-of-function and gain-of-function Notch1 signaling, we found that MSC-DF prompted cocultured melanoma cells to form more spheroids and acquire the phenotype (CD271 and Nestin ) of melanoma stem/initiating cells (MICs), whereas MSC-DF suppressed melanoma cell sphere formation and mitigated properties of MICs. MSC-DF increased stemness of CD271 MIC, which resultantly exhibited stronger aggressiveness in vitro and in vivo, by upregulating Sox2/Oct4/Nanog expression. Consistently, when cografted with melanoma cells into NOD scid gamma (NSG) mice, MSC-DF increased, but MSC-DF decreased, the amounts of CD271 MIC in melanoma tissue. The amounts of CD271 MIC regulated by MSC-DF carrying high or low Notch1 pathway activity is well correlated with capability of melanoma metastasis, supporting that melanoma metastasis is MIC-mediated. Our data demonstrate that intracellular Notch1 signaling in CAFs is a molecular switch dictating the plasticity and stemness of MICs, thereby regulating melanoma aggressiveness, and therefore that targeting the intracellular Notch1 signaling pathway in CAFs may present a new therapeutic strategy for melanoma. Stem Cells 2019;37:865-875.

Intracellular Notch1 Signaling in Cancer-Associated Fibroblasts Dictates the Plasticity and Stemness of Melanoma Stem/Initiating Cells.

The field of telemedicine has grown tremendously over the last decade. We present a systematic review of publications on telemedicine as it pertains to surgery, addressing six facets: 1) telerobotics, 2) telementoring, 3) teleconsulting, 4) telemedicine in post-operative follow-up, 5) tele-education, and 6) current technology.

Telemedicine and telementoring in the surgical specialties: A narrative review.

There is a wide differential diagnosis for intraabdominal tumors. Surgical resection and microscopic analysis of tissue structure can identify tumor origin in most cases. Most rapidly growing invasive tumors are neoplastic. Inflammatory pseudotumors are a subcategory of intraabdominal tumors that are non-neoplastic and can be rapidly growing. Urachal cysts originate from the dome of the bladder; however they are typically not invasive. There is limited literature on the appropriate management of these tumors.

Article	Year
Staged marginal contoured and central excision technique in the surgical management of perianal Paget's disease. American journal of surgery\| PubMed ID: 24055144	2014
Notch1-WISP-1 axis determines the regulatory role of mesenchymal stem cell-derived stromal fibroblasts in melanoma metastasis. Oncotarget\| PubMed ID: 27813493	2016
Intracellular Notch1 Signaling in Cancer-Associated Fibroblasts Dictates the Plasticity and Stemness of Melanoma Stem/Initiating Cells. Stem cells (Dayton, Ohio)\| PubMed ID: 30941836	2019
Telemedicine and telementoring in the surgical specialties: A narrative review. American journal of surgery\| PubMed ID: 31350010	2019
Inflammatory pseudotumor secondary to urachal cyst: A challenging clinical case report. International journal of surgery case reports\| PubMed ID: 31927401	2020

Mecker Moller

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