exon-skipping-directly-reprogrammed-myotubes-obtained-from-human

Exon Skipping in Directly Reprogrammed Myotubes Obtained from Human Urine-Derived Cells

Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD), a progressive and fatal muscle disease, is caused by mutations in the DMD gene that result in the absence of dystrophin ...

National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry

Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) is a devastating muscle disorder caused by frameshift mutations in the DMD gene. DMD involves cardiac muscle, and the presence of ventricular arrhythmias or congestive failure is critical for prognosis. Several novel therapeutic approaches are being evaluated in ongoing clinical trials. Among them, exon-skipping therapy to correct frameshift mutations with antisense oligonucleotides is promising; however, their therapeutic efficacies on cardiac muscle in vivo remain unknown. In this study, we established induced-pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) from T cells from a DMD patient carrying a DMD-exon 46-55 deletion, differentiated the iPSCs into cardiomyocytes, and treated them with phosphorodiamidate morpholino oligomers. The efficiency of exon-45 skipping increased in a dose-dependent manner and enabled restoration of the DMD gene product, dystrophin. Further, Ca-imaging analysis showed a decreased number of arrhythmic cells and improved transient Ca signaling after exon skipping. Thus, exon-45 skipping may be effective for cardiac involvement in DMD patients harboring the DMD-exon 46-55 deletion.

Amelioration of intracellular Ca regulation by exon-45 skipping in Duchenne muscular dystrophy-induced pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes.

Neuromuscular and neurodegenerative diseases are mostly modeled using genetically modified animals such as mice. However, animal models do not recapitulate all the phenotypes that are specific to human disease. This is mainly due to the genetic, anatomical and physiological difference in the neuromuscular systems of animals and humans. The emergence of direct and indirect human somatic cell reprogramming technologies may overcome this limitation because they enable the use of disease and patient-specific cellular models as enhanced platforms for drug discovery and autologous cell-based therapy. Induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) and urine-derived stem cells (USCs) are increasingly employed to recapitulate the pathophysiology of various human diseases. Recent cell-based modeling approaches utilize highly complex differentiation systems that faithfully mimic human tissue- and organ-level dysfunctions. In this review, we discuss promising cellular models, such as USC- and iPSC-based approaches, that are currently being used to model human neuromuscular and neurodegenerative diseases.

Article	Year
Amelioration of intracellular Ca regulation by exon-45 skipping in Duchenne muscular dystrophy-induced pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes. Biochemical and biophysical research communications\| PubMed ID: 31585729	2019
Application of Urine-Derived Stem Cells to Cellular Modeling in Neuromuscular and Neurodegenerative Diseases. Frontiers in molecular neuroscience\| PubMed ID: 31920531	2019

Mitsuto Sato

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