laser-capture-microdissection-glioma-subregions-for-spatial-molecular

Laser Capture Microdissection of Glioma Subregions for Spatial and Molecular Characterization of Intratumoral Heterogeneity, Oncostreams, and Invasion

Gliomas are primary brain tumors characterized by their invasiveness and heterogeneity. Specific histological patterns such as pseudopalisades, ...

University of Michigan Medical School

Severe or recurrent lower eyelid ectropion can be challenging to correct. Studies on the role of upper midface ptosis in lower eyelid malposition have been published. The authors describe their technique of supporting the lateral cheek by lifting and reestablishing support for the orbitomalar ligament through a 10-mm canthotomy incision as an adjunct to a lateral tarsal strip procedure. In many cases, this technique allows the eyelid to be properly repositioned without skin grafting.

Adjunctive transcanthotomy lateral suborbicularis fat lift and orbitomalar ligament resuspension in lower eyelid ectropion repair.

Schwannomas are slow-growing typically encapsulated tumors composed of differentiated Schwann cells, the primary class of peripheral glial cells. Complete excision is the treatment of choice for orbital schwannomas that cause pain, disfigurement, diplopia, or optic neuropathy. The presence of multiple schwannomas in a single patient suggests possible association with neurofibromatosis type 2 (NF2) or schwannomatosis.

Recurrent orbital schwannomas: clinical course and histopathologic correlation.

Images in clinical medicine. Orbital varix.

Guidelines for the use and interpretation of assays for monitoring autophagy (3rd edition).

To describe the clinical course of a patient with a retrobulbar orbital tumor causing myopic shift and macular pucker.

Persistent macular puckering following excision of causative orbital tumor.

Thyroid-associated orbitopathy (TAO) is a disfiguring periocular connective tissue disease associated with autoimmune thyroid disorders. It is a potentially blinding condition, for which no effective pharmacological treatment has been established. Despite a suggested role played by autoimmune thyrotropin receptor activation in the pathogenesis of TAO, the cellular and molecular events contributing to the fibrotic and inflammatory disease process of TAO are not fully defined. By developing a three-dimensional organoid culture of human orbital fibroblasts (OFs), we sought to determine the molecular mechanism underlying the fibrotic disease process of TAO. In this ex vivo model, we have demonstrated that hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF) 2α (HIF2A), but not its paralog HIF1A, accelerates extracellular matrix (ECM) deposition by inducing a collagen-cross-linking enzyme, lysyl oxidase (LOX). Inhibiting HIF2A and LOX with short hairpin RNA or small molecular antagonists effectively ameliorated fibrotic disease process within TAO organoids. Conversely, the overexpression of a constitutively active HIF2A in mouse OFs was sufficient to initiate LOX-dependent fibrotic tissue remodeling in OF organoids. Consistent with these findings, HIF2A and LOX were highly expressed in human TAO tissues paralleling excess ECM deposition. We propose that the HIF2A-LOX pathway can be a potential therapeutic target for the prevention and treatment of TAO.

HIF2A-LOX Pathway Promotes Fibrotic Tissue Remodeling in Thyroid-Associated Orbitopathy.

Poly-DL-lactide polymer implants absorb over a period of 6 to 12 months and have been used with increasing frequency for repair of orbital fractures. The authors describe the case of a 7-year-old boy who presented with orbital inflammation 10 months following repair of a white-eyed blowout fracture with a poly-DL-lactide implant. Rapid improvement in symptoms followed initiation of oral steroids, with excellent long-term result. Clinical presentation and treatment response implicated a foreign body inflammatory reaction as the underlying etiology of symptoms. Ophthalmologists and orbital surgeons should be aware that absorbable implants can demonstrate this late idiosyncratic complication.

Absorbable Implant Foreign Body Reaction Masquerading as Orbital Cellulitis.

Congenital ptosis can threaten visual function and is usually treated with surgical correction. This study tests the hypothesis that congenital ptosis involves not only the levator muscle but also the orbital septum, which may tether the eyelid in the primary position.

Orbital Septum Fibrosis in Congenital Ptosis Correlates With Eyelid Function: A Clinicopathologic Study.

Surgical repair of an isolated orbital fracture requires anatomically accurate implant shape and placement. We describe a three-dimensional (3D) printing technique to customize the shape of commercially available absorbable implants.

Use of 3D Printed Models to Create Molds for Shaping Implants for Surgical Repair of Orbital Fractures.

Thyroid eye disease (TED) is an inflammatory orbitopathy with significant impact on visual function and quality of life. Although studies have shown that patients who are deficient in vitamin D are more likely to develop autoimmune conditions, there are no studies demonstrating a definitive correlation between serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) deficiency and an increased risk of TED.

Serum Vitamin D Deficiency Is an Independent Risk Factor for Thyroid Eye Disease.

Genomic reprogramming and cellular dedifferentiation are critical to the success of de novo tissue regeneration in lower vertebrates such as zebrafish and axolotl. In tissue regeneration following injury or disease, differentiated cells must retain lineage while assuming a progenitor-like identity in order to repopulate the damaged tissue. Understanding the epigenetic regulation of programmed cellular dedifferentiation provides unique insights into the biology of stem cells and cancer and may lead to novel approaches for treating human degenerative conditions.

Paradoxical Changes Underscore Epigenetic Reprogramming During Adult Zebrafish Extraocular Muscle Regeneration.

A New Paradigm in the Treatment of Advanced Periocular Basal Cell Carcinoma?

To perform a comprehensive review of dermis fat graft (DFG) in socket reconstruction and illustrate the technical nuances and outcomes using a retrospective case review.

Reconstruction of the Orbit and Anophthalmic Socket Using the Dermis Fat Graft: A Major Review.

To test whether intraoperative stereotactic navigation during orbital decompression surgery resulted in quantifiable surgical benefit.

Article	Year
Adjunctive transcanthotomy lateral suborbicularis fat lift and orbitomalar ligament resuspension in lower eyelid ectropion repair. Ophthalmic plastic and reconstructive surgery\| PubMed ID: 19273912	2009
Recurrent orbital schwannomas: clinical course and histopathologic correlation. BMC ophthalmology\| PubMed ID: 22937797	2012
Images in clinical medicine. Orbital varix. The New England journal of medicine\| PubMed ID: 25671275	2015
Guidelines for the use and interpretation of assays for monitoring autophagy (3rd edition). Autophagy\| PubMed ID: 26799652	2016
Persistent macular puckering following excision of causative orbital tumor. American journal of ophthalmology case reports\| PubMed ID: 29756077	2018
HIF2A-LOX Pathway Promotes Fibrotic Tissue Remodeling in Thyroid-Associated Orbitopathy. Endocrinology\| PubMed ID: 30388216	2019
Absorbable Implant Foreign Body Reaction Masquerading as Orbital Cellulitis. Ophthalmic plastic and reconstructive surgery\| PubMed ID: 30439723	2019
Orbital Septum Fibrosis in Congenital Ptosis Correlates With Eyelid Function: A Clinicopathologic Study. Ophthalmic plastic and reconstructive surgery\| PubMed ID: 30844911	2019
Use of 3D Printed Models to Create Molds for Shaping Implants for Surgical Repair of Orbital Fractures. Academic radiology\| PubMed ID: 31466890	2020
Serum Vitamin D Deficiency Is an Independent Risk Factor for Thyroid Eye Disease. Ophthalmic plastic and reconstructive surgery\| PubMed ID: 31568022	2020
Paradoxical Changes Underscore Epigenetic Reprogramming During Adult Zebrafish Extraocular Muscle Regeneration. Investigative ophthalmology & visual science\| PubMed ID: 31794598	2019
A New Paradigm in the Treatment of Advanced Periocular Basal Cell Carcinoma? American journal of ophthalmology\| PubMed ID: 31957698	2019
Reconstruction of the Orbit and Anophthalmic Socket Using the Dermis Fat Graft: A Major Review. Ophthalmic plastic and reconstructive surgery\| PubMed ID: 32134765	2020
Stereotactic Navigation Improves Outcomes of Orbital Decompression Surgery for Thyroid Associated Orbitopathy. Ophthalmic plastic and reconstructive surgery\| PubMed ID: 32134770	2020

Alon Kahana

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