simple-detection-of-primary-cilia-by-immunofluorescence

Simple Detection of Primary Cilia by Immunofluorescence

Primary cilia are dynamically regulated during cell cycle progression, specifically during the G0/G1 phases of the cell cycle, being resorbed prior to ...

University of Defence

Radiation therapy is one of the most common treatment strategies for thorax malignancies. One of the considerable limitations of this therapy is its toxicity to normal tissue. The lung is the major dose-limiting organ for radiotherapy. That is because ionizing radiation produces reactive oxygen species that induce lesions, and not only is tumor tissue damaged, but overwhelming inflammatory lung damage can occur in the alveolar epithelium and capillary endothelium. This damage may result in radiation-induced pneumonitis and/or fibrosis. While describing the lung response to irradiation generally, the main focus of this review is on cytokines and their roles and functions within the individual stages. We discuss the relationship between radiation and cytokines and their direct and indirect effects on the formation and development of radiation injuries. Although this topic has been intensively studied and discussed for years, we still do not completely understand the roles of cytokines. Experimental data on cytokine involvement are fragmented across a large number of experimental studies; hence, the need for this review of the current knowledge. Cytokines are considered not only as molecular factors involved in the signaling network in pathological processes, but also for their diagnostic potential. A concentrated effort has been made to identify the significant immune system proteins showing positive correlation between serum levels and tissue damages. Elucidating the correlations between the extent and nature of radiation-induced pulmonary injuries and the levels of one or more key cytokines that initiate and control those damages may improve the efficacy of radiotherapy in cancer treatment and ultimately the well-being of patients.

Cytokines and radiation-induced pulmonary injuries.

The increasing risk of acute large-scale exposure of ionising irradiation on the population underlines the necessity of developing effective radioprotective and mitigating agents. The aim of this work was to investigate the effect of sodium orthovanadate pre-treatment on mice exposed to high doses of gamma rays (from 5 to 13 Gy). The determination of median lethal dose within 30 days confirmed that orthovanadate applied to total-body-irradiated mice intra-peritoneally has a radioprotective but not a mitigating effect. With orthovanadate pre-treatment, the composition of cellularity in the bone marrow improved substantially and the main lymphocyte populations restored during the first month after irradiation. These findings contribute to 'gap-filling' in radioprotective effects and demonstrate the importance of haematological parameters in radiation-response prediction.

INVESTIGATION OF THE RADIOPROTECTIVE EFFECT OF ORTHOVANADATE IN MICE AFTER TOTAL BODY IRRADIATION.

Biodosimetry is focused on effects of ionizing radiation at cellular and molecular levels of living organisms so that a qualified retrospective estimate of radiation load can be made. Two biodosimetry methods were evaluated in irradiated piglets: complete blood count analysis and quantification of chromosomal aberrations in lymphocytes using a micronucleus test. Animals were whole-body irradiated with gamma radiation at doses of 0-10 Gy. The analysis of complete blood count was performed at intervals ranging from 0 to 48 hours. Micronuclei were measured at 4 hours after irradiation. Changes in lymphocyte counts and increased levels of micronuclei reflected received dose of ionizing radiation.

CHANGES IN BLOOD COUNT AND LYMPHOCYTE MICRONUCLEI IN PIGLETS AFTER WHOLE-BODY IRRADIATION.

The increasing risk of radiation exposure underlines the need for novel radioprotective agents. Hence, a series of novel 1-(2-hydroxyethyl)piperazine derivatives were designed and synthesized. Some of the compounds protected human cells against radiation-induced apoptosis and exhibited low cytotoxicity. Compared to the previous series of piperazine derivatives, compound  exhibited a radioprotective effect on cell survival in vitro and low toxicity in vivo. It also enhanced the survival of mice 30 days after whole-body irradiation (although this increase was not statistically significant). Taken together, our in vitro and in vivo data indicate that some of our compounds are valuable for further research as potential radioprotectors.

Article	Year
Cytokines and radiation-induced pulmonary injuries. Journal of radiation research\| PubMed ID: 30169853	2018
INVESTIGATION OF THE RADIOPROTECTIVE EFFECT OF ORTHOVANADATE IN MICE AFTER TOTAL BODY IRRADIATION. Radiation protection dosimetry\| PubMed ID: 31711201	2019
CHANGES IN BLOOD COUNT AND LYMPHOCYTE MICRONUCLEI IN PIGLETS AFTER WHOLE-BODY IRRADIATION. Radiation protection dosimetry\| PubMed ID: 31711213	2019
Substituted Piperazines as Novel Potential Radioprotective Agents. Molecules (Basel, Switzerland)\| PubMed ID: 31991816	2020

Marcela Jelicova

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