diagnosis-and-surgical-treatment-of-human-brucellar-spondylodiscitis

Diagnosis and Surgical Treatment of Human Brucellar Spondylodiscitis

Brucellar spondylodiscitis (BS) is the most prevalent and significant osteoarticular presentation of human Brucellosis, which is commonly manifested in ...

First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University

Saarland University Medical Center

Sino Euro Orthopaedics Network (SEON)

The aim of this multicenter study was to demonstrate the distribution pattern of atherosclerotic stenosis and its trend with aging between extracranial and intracranial arteries and its distribution between the anterior and posterior circulations in Chinese patients hospitalized with ischemic stroke. In addition, the risk factors for the distribution pattern were illustrated. From June 2015 to May 2016, 9,346 patients with ischemic stroke from 20 hospitals were enrolled. Carotid artery ultrasonography and transcranial color-coded sonography/transcranial Doppler were used to evaluate the extracranial and intracranial arteries. The distribution pattern of atherosclerotic stenosis and its trend with aging were analyzed. Logistic regression was used to analyze the risk factors for the distribution pattern. Among the 9,346 patients, 2,882 patients (30.8%) had at least one artery with a degree of stenosis ≥50%. Among patients with arterial stenosis, the proportion of patients with intracranial artery stenosis was higher than those with extracranial artery stenosis (52.6%  27.6%), and the proportion of anterior circulation artery stenosis was higher than that in the posterior circulation (52.2% 26.2%). With aging, the proportion of intracranial artery stenosis alone decreased; at the same time, the proportion of extracranial artery stenosis and extracranial plus intracranial artery stenosis increased (trend χ=6.698, =0.001). Hypertension (OR 1.416, =0.008) and family history of stroke (OR 1.479, =0.014) were risk factors for intracranial artery stenosis. Male, aging, and smoking were factors more related to extracranial artery stenosis. Aging (OR 1.022, <0.001) and hypertension (OR 1.392, =0.019) were related to posterior circulation artery stenosis. Intracranial arteries and anterior circulation arteries were susceptible to stenosis in Chinese patients with ischemic stroke. However, the distribution pattern of atherosclerotic stenosis was dynamic and varied with aging. Aging and different risk factors contribute to this distribution pattern.

Distribution Pattern of Atherosclerotic Stenosis in Chinese Patients with Stroke: A Multicenter Registry Study.

The deleterious effects of nicotine on various health conditions have been well documented. Although many orthopedic diseases are adversely affected by nicotine, little is known about its preclinical effects on chondrogenesis or osteogenesis, cartilage formation, osteoarthritis (OA), and osteochondral repair. A systematic review was conducted examining the current scientific evidence on the effects of nicotine on chondrogenesis or osteogenesis in vitro, possible consequences of prenatal nicotine exposure (PNE) on cartilage and OA susceptibility in the offspring, and whether nicotine affects OA development and osteochondral repair in vivo, always focusing on their underlying mechanisms. The data reveal dose-dependent effects on articular chondrocytes and on the chondrogenesis and osteogenesis of medicinal signaling cells in vitro, with lower doses often resulting in positive effects and higher doses causing negative effects. PNE negatively affects articular cartilage development and induces OA in the offspring without or with nicotine exposure. In contrast, protective effects on OA development were only reported in monosodium iodoacetate-induced small animal models. Finally, nicotine repressed MSC-based osteochondral repair in vivo. Future studies need to investigate dose-dependent clinical effects of smoking on cartilage quality in offspring, OA susceptibility and progression, and osteochondral repair more in detail, thus identifying possible thresholds for its pathological effects.

Association of Nicotine with Osteochondrogenesis and Osteoarthritis Development: The State of the Art of Preclinical Research.

Brucellar spondylodiscitis, the most prevalent and significant osteoarticular presentation of human Brucellosis, is difficult to diagnose and usually yields irreversible neurologic deficits and spinal deformities. However, no animal models of Brucellar spondylodiscitis exist, allowing for preclinical investigations. The present study investigated whether intraosseous injection of attenuated  vaccine into rabbits' lumbar vertebrae imitates the radiographic and histopathological characteristics of human Brucellar spondylodiscitis. Radiographic and histopathological analyses at 8 weeks postoperatively revealed radiographic changes within vertebral bodies and intervertebral discs, abscesses formation within the paravertebral soft tissue, and typical prominent inflammation response without caseous necrosis, which were largely comparable to human Brucellar spondylodiscitis. Such a medium-sized, surgically feasible rabbit model provides a promising  setting for further preclinical investigation of Brucellar spondylodiscitis.

Article	Year
Distribution Pattern of Atherosclerotic Stenosis in Chinese Patients with Stroke: A Multicenter Registry Study. Aging and disease\| PubMed ID: 30705768	2019
Association of Nicotine with Osteochondrogenesis and Osteoarthritis Development: The State of the Art of Preclinical Research. Journal of clinical medicine\| PubMed ID: 31623196	2019
Establishment and Initial Testing of a Medium-Sized, Surgically Feasible Animal Model for Brucellar Spondylodiscitis: A Preliminary Study. BioMed research international\| PubMed ID: 31662995	2019

Xiaoyu Cai

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