performing-situ-closed-cell-gas-reactions-transmission-electron

Performing <em>In Situ</em> Closed-Cell Gas Reactions in the Transmission Electron Microscope

Gas reactions studied by in situ electron microscopy can be used to capture the real-time morphological and microchemical transformations of materials at ...

using-vertically-aligned-carbon-nanofiber-arrays-on-rigid-or-flexible

Using Vertically Aligned Carbon Nanofiber Arrays on Rigid or Flexible Substrates for Delivery of Biomolecules and Dyes to Plants

The delivery of biomolecules and impermeable dyes to intact plants is a major challenge. Nanomaterials are up-and-coming tools for the delivery of DNA to ...

Oak Ridge National Laboratory

Carbon nanofiber electrode architectures are used to provide for long-term, neuroelectroanalytical measurements of the dynamic processes of intercellular communication between excitable cells. Individually addressed, vertically aligned carbon nanofibers are incorporated into multielement electrode arrays upon which excitable cell matrixes of both neuronal-like derived cell lines (rat pheochromocytoma, PC-12) and primary cells (dissociated cells from embryonic rat hippocampus) are cultured over extended periods (days to weeks). Electrode arrays are characterized with respect to their response to easily oxidized neurotransmitters, including dopamine, norepinephrine, and 5-hydroxytyramide. Electroanalysis at discrete electrodes following long-term cell culture demonstrates that this platform remains responsive for the detection of easily oxidized species generated by the cultured cells. Preliminary data also suggests that quantal release of easily oxidized transmitters can be observed at nanofiber electrodes following direct culture and differentiation on the arrays for periods of at least 16 days.

Resident neuroelectrochemical interfacing using carbon nanofiber arrays.

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&#x9AD8;&#x5BC6;&#x5EA6;&#x78B3;&#x7EB3;&#x7C73;&#x7EA4;&#x7EF4;&#x9635;&#x5217;&#x7684;&#x5408;&#x6210;&#x50AC;&#x5316;&#x5242;&#x7EB3;&#x7C73;&#x7C92;&#x5B50;&#x7684;&#x4F4D;&#x7F6E;&#x63A7;&#x5236;&#x3002;

Precise arrangement of nanoscale elements within larger systems, is essential to controlling higher order functionality and tailoring nanophase material properties. Here, we present findings on growth conditions for vertically aligned carbon nanofibers that enable synthesis of high density arrays and individual rows of nanofibers, which could be used to form barriers for restricting molecular transport, that have regular spacings and few defects. Growth through plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposition was initiated from precisely formed nickel catalyst dots of varying diameter and spacing that were patterned through electron beam lithography. Nanofiber growth conditions, including power, precursor gas ratio, growth temperature and pressure were varied to optimize fiber uniformity and minimize defects that result from formation and migration of catalyst particles prior to growth. It was determined that both catalyst dot diameter and initial plasma power have a considerable influence on the number and severity of defects, while growth temperature, gas ratio (C(2)H(2):NH(3)) and pressure can be varied within a considerable range to fine-tune nanofiber morphology.

Positional control of catalyst nanoparticles for the synthesis of high density carbon nanofiber arrays.

Arrangement pr&#xE9;cis des &#xE9;l&#xE9;ments nanom&#xE9;triques dans les grands syst&#xE8;mes, est essentielle pour contr&#xF4;ler les fonctionnalit&#xE9;s du niveau sup&#xE9;rieur et d&#x26;#39;adapter les propri&#xE9;t&#xE9;s des mat&#xE9;riaux &#xE0; nanoparticules. Ici, nous pr&#xE9;sentons les r&#xE9;sultats sur les conditions de croissance pour les nanofibres de carbone align&#xE9;s verticalement qui permettent la synth&#xE8;se de r&#xE9;seaux &#xE0; haute densit&#xE9; et des lignes individuelles de nanofibres, qui pourraient &#xEA;tre utilis&#xE9;s pour former des barri&#xE8;res pour limiter le transport mol&#xE9;culaire, qui ont des espacements r&#xE9;guliers et peu de d&#xE9;fauts. La croissance par plasma-chimique en phase vapeur a &#xE9;t&#xE9; initi&#xE9; &#xE0; partir pr&#xE9;cis&#xE9;ment form&#xE9;es points de catalyseur de nickel de diam&#xE8;tre variable et de l&#x26;#39;espacement qui ont &#xE9;t&#xE9; motif par lithographie par faisceau d&#x26;#39;&#xE9;lectrons. Conditions de croissance de nanofibres, y compris le pouvoir, le ratio gaz pr&#xE9;curseur, la temp&#xE9;rature de croissance et de la pression ont &#xE9;t&#xE9; modifi&#xE9;es pour optimiser l&#x26;#39;uniformit&#xE9; de fibres et de minimiser les d&#xE9;fauts qui r&#xE9;sultent de la formation et la migration des particules de catalyseur avant la croissance. Il a &#xE9;t&#xE9; d&#xE9;termin&#xE9; que les deux points de catalyseur de diam&#xE8;tre et de la puissance du plasma initial ont une influence consid&#xE9;rable sur le nombre et la gravit&#xE9; des d&#xE9;fauts, alors que la temp&#xE9;rature de croissance, le ratio de gaz (C (2) H (2): NH (3)) et la pression peut &#xEA;tre modifi&#xE9;e au sein d&#x26;#39;une gamme consid&#xE9;rable morphologie des nanofibres de peaufiner.

Contr&#xF4;le de position d&#x26;#39;un catalyseur pour la synth&#xE8;se des nanoparticules de r&#xE9;seaux &#xE0; haute densit&#xE9; nanofibres de carbone

Genaue Anordnung von nanoskaligen Elementen in gr&ouml;&szlig;ere Systeme, unbedingt Steuern h&ouml;heren Funktionalit&auml;t und Schneiderei Nanophase Materialeigenschaften. Hier pr&auml;sentieren wir die Ergebnisse f&uuml;r die Wachstumsbedingungen f&uuml;r vertikal ausgerichteten Kohlenstoff Nanofasern, mit denen Synthese von high-Density-Arrays und einzelne Zeilen von Nanofasern, die verwendet werden k&ouml;nnte Form-Barrieren f&uuml;r die Beschr&auml;nkung des molekularen Verkehr, die regelm&auml;&szlig;ige Abst&auml;nde und einige defekte aufweisen. Wachstum durch plasmaunterst&uuml;tzte chemische Gasphasenabscheidung war gerade gegr&uuml;ndeten Nickel Katalysator Punkte mit unterschiedlichem Durchmesser und Abstand initiiert, die durch Elektronenstrahllithographie gemustert wurden. Nanofaser Wachstumsbedingungen, inklusive Strom, Gas-Verh&auml;ltnis Vorl&auml;ufer, Wachstum Temperatur und Druck waren vielf&auml;ltig, zur Optimierung Faser Homogenit&auml;t und Verringerung der M&auml;ngel, die durch Bildung und Migration der Katalysator Partikel vor Wachstum entstehen. Es wurde festgestellt, dass Katalysator Dot Durchmesser und erste Plasma macht einen betr&auml;chtlichen Einflu&szlig; auf die Zahl und Schwere der M&auml;ngel, w&auml;hrend Wachstum Temperatur, Gas-Verh&auml;ltnis haben (C(2)H(2):NH(3)) und Druck variiert werden k&ouml;nnen in einem betr&auml;chtlichen Bereich Nanofaser Morphologie zu optimieren.

Positions Kontrolle der Katalysator-Nanopartikel f&uuml;r die Synthese von hoher Dichte Kohlenstoff Nanofasern Arrays.

Precisa disposizione della nanoscala elementi all&#39;interno di sistemi pi&ugrave; grandi, &egrave; essenziale per controllare le funzionalit&agrave; di pi&ugrave; alto ordine e sartoria nanophase propriet&agrave; del materiale. Presentiamo qui, scoperte sulle condizioni di crescita per le nanofibre di carbonio verticalmente allineate che consentono la sintesi di matrici ad alta densit&agrave; e singole righe di nanofibre, che potrebbero essere utilizzati per barriere di forma per limitare il trasporto molecolare, che hanno pochi difetti e spaziature regolari. Crescita attraverso deposizione al plasma enhanced chemical vapor &egrave; stato avviato dal proprio formato nichel catalizzatore puntini di vario diametro e spaziatura che sono state modellate attraverso la litografia a fascio di elettroni. Nanofibra condizioni di crescita, tra cui potenza, rapporto gas precursore, crescita temperatura e pressione sono state variate per ottimizzare l&#39;uniformit&agrave; di fibra e ridurre al minimo i difetti che derivano dalla migrazione delle particelle di catalizzatore prima della crescita e formazione. &Egrave; stato determinato che sia catalizzatore dot diametro e potenza iniziale al plasma hanno una notevole influenza sul numero e la gravit&agrave; dei difetti, mentre la temperatura di crescita, rapporto gas (C(2)H(2):NH(3)) e la pressione pu&ograve; essere variate all&#39;interno di una gamma notevole di perfezionare la morfologia di nanofibre.

Controllo posizionale delle nanoparticelle di catalizzatore per la sintesi di array di nanofibra carbonio ad alta densit&agrave;.

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&#x9AD8;&#x5BC6;&#x5EA6;&#x30AB;&#x30FC;&#x30DC;&#x30F3;&#x30CA;&#x30CE;&#x30D5;&#x30A1;&#x30A4;&#x30D0;&#x30FC;&#x30A2;&#x30EC;&#x30A4;&#x306E;&#x5408;&#x6210;&#x306E;&#x305F;&#x3081;&#x306E;&#x89E6;&#x5A92;&#x30CA;&#x30CE;&#x7C92;&#x5B50;&#x306E;&#x4F4D;&#x200B;&#x200B;&#x7F6E;&#x5236;&#x5FA1;

&#xB354; &#xD070; &#xC2DC;&#xC2A4;&#xD15C; &#xB0B4;&#xC5D0;&#xC11C; &#xB098;&#xB178; &#xC694;&#xC18C;&#xC758; &#xC815;&#xD655;&#xD55C; &#xBC30;&#xCE58; &#xB192;&#xC740; &#xC21C;&#xC11C; &#xAE30;&#xB2A5;&#xC744; &#xC81C;&#xC5B4; &#xD558; &#xACE0; nanophase &#xC7AC;&#xB8CC; &#xD2B9;&#xC131;&#xC5D0; &#xB9DE;&#xAC8C; &#xD544;&#xC218;&#xC801; &#xC774;&#xB2E4;. &#xC5EC;&#xAE30;, &#xC6B0;&#xB9AC;&#xAC00; &#xD569;&#xC131; &#xACE0;&#xBC00;&#xB3C4; &#xC5B4;&#xB808;&#xC774; &#xBC0F; nanofibers, &#xBD84;&#xC790; &#xC804;&#xC1A1; &#xC81C;&#xD55C;&#xC5D0; &#xB300; &#xD55C; &#xD3FC; &#xBC29; &#xBCBD;&#xC744; &#xC0AC;&#xC6A9; &#xB420; &#xC218; &#xC788;&#xB294;, &#xC77C;&#xC815; &#xAC04;&#xACA9; &#xBC0F; &#xBA87; &#xAC00;&#xC9C0; &#xACB0;&#xD568;&#xC758; &#xAC1C;&#xBCC4; &#xD589; &#xC218; &#xC788;&#xB3C4;&#xB85D; &#xC218;&#xC9C1;&#xC73C;&#xB85C; &#xC815;&#xB82C; &#xB41C; &#xD0C4;&#xC18C; nanofibers&#xC5D0; &#xB300; &#xD55C; &#xC131;&#xC7A5; &#xC870;&#xAC74;&#xC5D0; &#xC870;&#xC0AC; &#xACB0;&#xACFC; &#xBC1C;&#xD45C; &#xD569;&#xB2C8;&#xB2E4;. &#xD50C;&#xB77C;&#xC988;&#xB9C8; &#xAC15;&#xD654; &#xD654;&#xD559; &#xAE30;&#xC0C1; &#xC99D; &#xCC29;&#xC744; &#xD1B5;&#xD574; &#xC131;&#xC7A5;&#xC740; &#xC815;&#xD655; &#xD558; &#xAC8C; &#xD615;&#xC131;&#xB41C; &#xB41C; &#xB2C8;&#xCF08; &#xCD09;&#xB9E4; &#xC810; &#xB2E4;&#xC591; &#xD55C; &#xC9C1;&#xACBD; &#xBC0F; &#xAC04;&#xACA9;&#xC758; &#xC804;&#xC790; &#xBE54; &#xB9AC;&#xC18C; &#xADF8;&#xB798;&#xD53C;&#xB97C; &#xD1B5;&#xD574; &#xAF43;&#xBB34;&#xB2AC; &#xD588;&#xB2E4;&#xC5D0;&#xC11C; &#xC2DC;&#xC791; &#xB418;&#xC5C8;&#xB2E4;. &#xC12C;&#xC720;&#xC758; &#xADE0;&#xC77C;&#xC131;&#xC744; &#xCD5C;&#xC801;&#xD654; &#xD558; &#xACE0; &#xACB0;&#xD568; &#xD615;&#xC131; &#xBC0F; &#xB9C8;&#xC774;&#xADF8;&#xB808;&#xC774;&#xC158; &#xC774;&#xC804;&#xC5D0; &#xC131;&#xC7A5; &#xCD09;&#xB9E4; &#xC785;&#xC790;&#xC758; &#xBC1C;&#xC0DD;&#xC744; &#xCD5C;&#xC18C;&#xD654; Nanofiber &#xC131;&#xC7A5; &#xC870;&#xAC74;, &#xC804;&#xB825;, &#xC804;&#xC870; &#xAC00;&#xC2A4; &#xBE44;&#xC728;, &#xC131;&#xC7A5; &#xC628;&#xB3C4; &#xC555;&#xB825; &#xB4F1; &#xB2E4;&#xC591; &#xD588;&#xB2E4;. &#xCD09;&#xB9E4; &#xC810; &#xC9C0;&#xB984; &#xBC0F; &#xCD08;&#xAE30; &#xD50C;&#xB77C;&#xC988;&#xB9C8; &#xC804;&#xC6D0; &#xC131;&#xC7A5; &#xC628;&#xB3C4;, &#xAC00;&#xC2A4; &#xBE44;&#xB294; &#xB3D9;&#xC548; &#xC218;&#xC640; &#xACB0;&#xD568;&#xC758; &#xC2EC;&#xAC01;&#xB3C4;&#xC5D0; &#xC0C1;&#xB2F9;&#xD55C; &#xC601;&#xD5A5;&#xC744; &#xBBF8;&#xCE60; &#xACB0;&#xC815; &#xD588;&#xB2E4; (C(2)H(2):NH(3)) &#xBC0F; &#xC555;&#xB825; &#xBCC0;&#xD654; &#xB420; &#xC218; nanofiber &#xD615;&#xD0DC;&#xB97C; &#xC138;&#xBC00; &#xD558; &#xAC8C; &#xC870;&#xC815; &#xC0C1;&#xB2F9;&#xD55C; &#xBC94;&#xC704; &#xB0B4;&#xC5D0;&#xC11C;.

&#xACE0;&#xBC00;&#xB3C4; &#xD0C4;&#xC18C; nanofiber &#xBC30;&#xC5F4;&#xC758; &#xD569;&#xC131;&#xC744; &#xC704;&#xD55C; &#xCD09;&#xB9E4; &#xB098;&#xB178; &#xC785;&#xC790;&#xC758; &#xC704;&#xCE58; &#xC81C;&#xC5B4;.

Disposici&#xF3;n exacta de los elementos dentro de grandes sistemas a nanoescala, es esencial para el control de una mayor funcionalidad para adaptar las propiedades y nanofase materiales. Aqu&#xED;, se presentan los resultados en condiciones de crecimiento para nanofibras de carbono alineados verticalmente que permiten la s&#xED;ntesis de las matrices de alta densidad y filas individuales de nanofibras, que podr&#xED;an ser usados &#x200B;&#x200B;para formar barreras para restringir el transporte molecular, que tienen separaciones regulares y pocos defectos. Crecimiento a trav&#xE9;s de plasma mejorado deposici&#xF3;n qu&#xED;mica de vapor se inici&#xF3; a partir precisamente formadas puntos de n&#xED;quel del catalizador de di&#xE1;metro variable y el espaciamiento que eran iguales a trav&#xE9;s de la litograf&#xED;a de haz de electrones. Nanofibras condiciones de crecimiento, incluyendo la energ&#xED;a, relaci&#xF3;n gas precursor, temperatura de crecimiento y la presi&#xF3;n se variaron para optimizar la uniformidad de fibra y minimizar los defectos que resultan de la formaci&#xF3;n y la migraci&#xF3;n de part&#xED;culas de catalizador antes de crecimiento. Se determin&#xF3; que tanto catalizador di&#xE1;metro de punto y de potencia de plasma inicial tiene una influencia considerable en el n&#xFA;mero y gravedad de los defectos, mientras que la temperatura de crecimiento, relaci&#xF3;n gas (C (2) H (2): NH (3)) y la presi&#xF3;n se puede variar dentro de un rango considerable para ajustar con precisi&#xF3;n la morfolog&#xED;a de nanofibras.

Control de posici&#xF3;n de catalizador de nanopart&#xED;culas para la s&#xED;ntesis de agrupaciones de alta densidad nanofibras de carbono

&#x5DE5;&#x7A0B;&#x7684;&#x91D1;&#x5C5E;&#x548C;&#x534A;&#x5BFC;&#x4F53;&#x7EB3;&#x7C73;&#x7684;&#x5174;&#x8DA3;&#x4E0D;&#x65AD;&#x589E;&#x52A0;&#x5176;&#x72EC;&#x7279;&#x7684;&#x5927;&#x5C0F;&#x548C;&#x5F62;&#x72B6;&#x4F9D;&#x8D56;&#x5149;&#x7535;&#x3001; &#x7406;&#x5316;&#x53CA;&#x751F;&#x7269;&#x5B66;&#x6027;&#x8D28;&#x3002;&#x56E0;&#x6B64;&#x786E;&#x5B9A;&#x65B0;&#x578B;&#x975E;&#x5371;&#x9669;&#x7684;&#x7EB3;&#x7C73;&#x7C92;&#x5B50;&#x5408;&#x6210;&#x8DEF;&#x7EBF;&#xFF0C;&#x5730;&#x5740;&#x4EB2;&#x6C34;&#x6027;&#x3001; &#x5927;&#x5C0F;&#x548C;&#x5F62;&#x72B6;&#x7684;&#x63A7;&#x5236;&#x548C;&#x751F;&#x4EA7;&#x6210;&#x672C;&#x5DF2;&#x6210;&#x4E3A;&#x5F53;&#x52A1;&#x4E4B;&#x6025;&#x3002;&#x5728;&#x672C;&#x6587;&#x7AE0;&#x4E2D;&#x6211;&#x4EEC;&#x62A5;&#x544A;&#x7B2C;&#x4E00;&#x6B21; (Ag&#x2082;S) &#x80DE;&#x5916;&#x786B;&#x5316;&#x94F6;&#x7EB3;&#x7C73;&#x7C92;&#x5B50;&#x7684;&#x9AD8;&#x6548;&#x751F;&#x6210;&#x7531;&#x91D1;&#x5C5E;&#x51CF;&#x5C11;&#x7EC6;&#x83CC; Shewanella oneidensis&#x3002;&#x8FD9;&#x4E9B;&#x7C92;&#x5B50;&#x662F;&#x5408;&#x7406;&#x5730;&#x5206;&#x6563;&#x548C;&#x5747;&#x5300;&#x72B6;&#x3002;&#x5B83;&#x4EEC;&#x662F;&#x5728;&#x73AF;&#x5883;&#x6E29;&#x5EA6;&#x4E0B;&#x548C;&#x5728;&#x9AD8;&#x4EA7;&#x91CF;&#xFF0C;85%&#x7406;&#x8BBA;&#x4E0A;&#x6700;&#x5927;&#x7684;&#x538B;&#x529B;&#x4E0B;&#x4EA7;&#x751F;&#x7684;&#x3002;&#x7D2B;&#x5916;&#x53EF;&#x89C1;&#x548C;&#x5085;&#x91CC;&#x53F6;&#x53D8;&#x6362;&#x7EA2;&#x5916;&#x5149;&#x8C31;&#x3001; &#x52A8;&#x6001;&#x5149;&#x6563;&#x5C04;&#x3001; x &#x5C04;&#x7EBF;&#x884D;&#x5C04;&#x3001; &#x900F;&#x5C04;&#x7535;&#x5B50;&#x663E;&#x5FAE;&#x955C;&#x548C; x &#x5C04;&#x7EBF;&#x5149;&#x7535;&#x5B50;&#x80FD;&#x8C31;&#x6D4B;&#x91CF;&#x8BC1;&#x5B9E;&#x7684;&#x5F62;&#x6210;&#x3001; &#x5149;&#x5B66;&#x548C;&#x8868;&#x9762;&#x7279;&#x6027;&#x3001; &#x7EAF;&#x5EA6;&#x548C;&#x7ED3;&#x6676;&#x5EA6;&#x5408;&#x6210;&#x7684;&#x9897;&#x7C92;&#x3002;&#x8FDB;&#x4E00;&#x6B65;&#x8868;&#x5F81;&#x900F;&#x9732;&#x7C92;&#x5B50;&#x7EC4;&#x6210;&#x7403;&#x7684;&#x5E73;&#x5747;&#x76F4;&#x5F84;&#x4E3A; 9&plusmn;3.5 nm &#x548C;&#x53EF;&#x62C6;&#x5378;&#x7684;&#x86CB;&#x767D;/&#x80BD;&#x8868;&#x9762;&#x6D82;&#x5C42;&#x4E0A;&#x9650;&#x3002;&#x6BD2;&#x6027;&#x8BC4;&#x4F30;&#x7684; Ag&#x2082;S &#x751F;&#x7269;&#x7EB3;&#x7C73;&#x9897;&#x7C92;&#x5BF9;&#x9769;&#x5170;&#x9634;&#x6027; (&#x5927;&#x80A0;&#x57C3;&#x5E0C;&#x6C0F;&#x5927;&#x80A0;&#x6746;&#x83CC;&#x548C; S.oneidensis&#xFF09; &#x548C;&#x9769;&#x5170;&#x6C0F;&#x9633;&#x6027; (&#x67AF;&#x8349;&#x82BD;&#x5B62;&#x6746;&#x83CC;) &#x7EC6;&#x83CC;&#x7CFB;&#x7EDF;&#xFF0C;&#x4EE5;&#x53CA;&#x5305;&#x62EC;&#x9F20;&#x6807;&#x80BA;&#x4E0A;&#x76AE; (C 10&#xFF09; &#x548C;&#x5DE8;&#x566C;&#x7EC6;&#x80DE; (&#x539F;&#x6599;-2.647) &#x7EC6;&#x80DE;&#x771F;&#x6838;&#x7EC6;&#x80DE;&#x7EBF;&#x8868;&#x660E;&#x7C92;&#x5B50;&#x975E;&#x6291;&#x5236;&#x548C;&#x975E;&#x6BD2;&#x5230;&#x4EFB;&#x4F55;&#x8FD9;&#x4E9B;&#x7CFB;&#x7EDF;&#x3002;&#x6211;&#x4EEC;&#x7684;&#x7814;&#x7A76;&#x7ED3;&#x679C;&#x63D0;&#x4F9B;&#x5236;&#x9020;&#x6280;&#x672F;&#x91CD;&#x8981;&#x534A;&#x5BFC;&#x4F53; Ag&#x2082;S &#x7EB3;&#x7C73;&#x7C92;&#x5B50;&#x7684;&#x8F7B;&#x4FBF;&#x3001; &#x73AF;&#x4FDD;&#x548C;&#x7ECF;&#x6D4E;&#x7684;&#x8DEF;&#x7EBF;&#x3002;&#x8FD9;&#x4E9B;&#x7C92;&#x5B50;&#x662F;&#x5206;&#x6563;&#x548C;&#x751F;&#x7269;&#x76F8;&#x5BB9;&#x6027;&#xFF0C;&#x4ECE;&#x800C;&#x63D0;&#x4F9B;&#x51FA;&#x8272;&#x7684;&#x6F5C;&#x529B;&#x5728;&#x5149;&#x5B66;&#x6210;&#x50CF;&#x3001; &#x7535;&#x5B50;&#x8BBE;&#x5907;&#x548C;&#x592A;&#x9633;&#x80FD;&#x7535;&#x6C60;&#x7684;&#x5E94;&#x7528;&#x7A0B;&#x5E8F;&#x4E2D;&#x4F7F;&#x7528;&#x3002;

&#x5355;&#x5206;&#x6563;&#x76F8;&#x5BB9;&#x786B;&#x5316;&#x94F6;&#x7EB3;&#x7C73;&#x7C92;&#x5B50;&#xFF1A; &#x4F7F;&#x7528; &gamma;-proteobacterium&#x3001; Shewanella oneidensis &#x7B80;&#x6613;&#x80DE;&#x5916;&#x751F;&#x7269;&#x5408;&#x6210;&#x3002;

Interest in engineered metal and semiconductor nanocrystallites continues to grow due to their unique size- and shape-dependent optoelectronic, physicochemical and biological properties. Therefore identifying novel non-hazardous nanoparticle synthesis routes that address hydrophilicity, size and shape control and production costs has become a priority. In the present article we report for the first time on the efficient generation of extracellular silver sulfide (Agâ‚‚S) nanoparticles by the metal-reducing bacterium Shewanella oneidensis. The particles are reasonably monodispersed and homogeneously shaped. They are produced under ambient temperatures and pressures at high yield, 85% theoretical maximum. UV-visible and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, dynamic light scattering, X-ray diffraction, transmission electron microscopy and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy measurements confirmed the formation, optical and surface properties, purity and crystallinity of the synthesized particles. Further characterization revealed that the particles consist of spheres with a mean diameter of 9Â±3.5 nm, and are capped by a detachable protein/peptide surface coat. Toxicity assessments of these biogenic Agâ‚‚S nanoparticles on Gram-negative (Escherichia coli and S. oneidensis) and Gram-positive (Bacillus subtilis) bacterial systems, as well as eukaryotic cell lines including mouse lung epithelial (C 10) and macrophage (RAW-264.7) cells, showed that the particles were non-inhibitory and non-cytotoxic to any of these systems. Our results provide a facile, eco-friendly and economical route for the fabrication of technologically important semiconducting Agâ‚‚S nanoparticles. These particles are dispersible and biocompatible, thus providing excellent potential for use in optical imaging, electronic devices and solar cell applications.

Monodispersed biocompatible silver sulfide nanoparticles: facile extracellular biosynthesis using the Î³-proteobacterium, Shewanella oneidensis.

Int&#xE9;r&#xEA;t en m&#xE9;tal d&#x26;#39;ing&#xE9;nierie et de semi-conducteurs nanocristallites continue de cro&#xEE;tre en raison de leur taille unique, et de leur forme d&#xE9;pend opto&#xE9;lectronique, les propri&#xE9;t&#xE9;s physico-chimiques et biologiques. Par cons&#xE9;quent l&#x26;#39;identification de nouvelles non dangereuses voies de synth&#xE8;se de nanoparticules que le contr&#xF4;le hydrophilie adresse, la taille et la forme et les co&#xFB;ts de production est devenue une priorit&#xE9;. Dans le pr&#xE9;sent article nous pr&#xE9;sentons pour la premi&#xE8;re fois sur la production efficace de sulfure d&#x26;#39;argent extracellulaire (Ag &#x2082; S) des nanoparticules par le oneidensis m&#xE9;tal r&#xE9;duire bact&#xE9;rie Shewanella. Les particules monodisperses sont raisonnablement et de fa&#xE7;on homog&#xE8;ne en forme de. Elles sont produites sous des temp&#xE9;ratures et pressions ambiantes &#xE0; rendement &#xE9;lev&#xE9;, 85% maximum th&#xE9;orique. UV-visible et infrarouge transform&#xE9;e de Fourier de la spectroscopie, la diffusion de lumi&#xE8;re dynamique, diffraction des rayons X, microscopie &#xE9;lectronique &#xE0; transmission et X-ray mesures de spectroscopie de photo&#xE9;lectrons ont confirm&#xE9; la formation, les propri&#xE9;t&#xE9;s optiques et de surface, la puret&#xE9; et la cristallinit&#xE9; des particules synth&#xE9;tis&#xE9;es. Caract&#xE9;risation suppl&#xE9;mentaire a r&#xE9;v&#xE9;l&#xE9; que les particules sont constitu&#xE9;es de sph&#xE8;res ayant un diam&#xE8;tre moyen de 9 &#xB1; 3,5 nm, et sont coiff&#xE9;s par une prot&#xE9;ine d&#xE9;tachable / rev&#xEA;tement de surface peptide. &#xC9;valuations de la toxicit&#xE9; des nanoparticules de ces biog&#xE9;nique Ag &#x2082; S sur (Bacillus subtilis) &#xE0; Gram n&#xE9;gatif (Escherichia coli et oneidensis S.) et &#xE0; Gram positif syst&#xE8;mes bact&#xE9;riens, ainsi que des lign&#xE9;es cellulaires eucaryotes, y compris du poumon de la souris &#xE9;pith&#xE9;liale (10 C) et de macrophages (RAW 264.7 cellules), a montr&#xE9; que les particules &#xE9;taient non-inhibiteur et non-cytotoxique &#xE0; aucun de ces syst&#xE8;mes. Nos r&#xE9;sultats fournissent une facile, la route &#xE9;cologique et &#xE9;conomique pour la fabrication de semi-conducteurs technologiquement important Ag &#x2082; S nanoparticules. Ces particules sont dispersibles et biocompatible, offrant ainsi un excellent potentiel pour une utilisation dans l&#x26;#39;imagerie optique, appareils &#xE9;lectroniques et les applications de cellules solaires.

Monodisperses biocompatibles nanoparticules de sulfure d&#x26;#39;argent: Facile biosynth&#xE8;se extracellulaire &#xE0; l&#x26;#39;aide du &#x3B3;-prot&#xE9;obact&#xE9;rie, Shewanella oneidensis

Interesse an technisch Metall und Halbleiter-Nanocrystallites w&auml;chst durch ihre einzigartige Gr&ouml;&szlig;e und Form-abh&auml;ngigen optoelektronische, physikalisch-chemischen und biologischen Eigenschaften. Deshalb identifizieren Roman ungef&auml;hrliche Nanopartikel-Synthese leitet diese Adresse Hydrophilie, Gr&ouml;&szlig;e und Form-Steuerelement und Herstellungskosten ist eine Priorit&auml;t geworden. In diesem Artikel berichten wir zum ersten Mal auf die effiziente Generierung von extrazellul&auml;ren Silbersulfid (Ag&#x2082;S)-Nanopartikeln durch die Metall-reduzierende Bakterien Shewanella Oneidensis. Die Partikel sind relativ Monodispersed und homogen gestaltet. Sie sind unter Umgebungstemperaturen und dr&uuml;cke auf high-Yield, 85 % theoretisches Maximum produziert. UV-sichtbar und Fourier transform Infrarotspektroskopie, Dynamische Lichtstreuung, R&ouml;ntgenbeugung, Transmissionselektronenmikroskopie und R&ouml;ntgen-Photoelektronenspektroskopie Spektroskopie Messungen best&auml;tigt, die Bildung, optische und Oberfl&auml;cheneigenschaften, Reinheit und Kristallinit&auml;t der synthetisierten Teilchen. Weitere Charakterisierung ergab, dass die Partikel aus Kugeln mit einem mittleren Durchmesser von 9&plusmn;3.5 nm bestehen und sind durch eine abnehmbare Protein/Peptid-Oberfl&auml;chenharz begrenzt. Toxizit&auml;t Einsch&auml;tzungen dieser biogenen Ag&#x2082;S Nanopartikel auf Gramnegative (Escherichia coli und S. Oneidensis) und grampositive Bakterien (Bacillus Subtilis)-Systeme sowie eukaryotischen Zellformen einschlie&szlig;lich Maus Lunge epitheliale (C 10) und Makrophagen (RAW-264.7) Zellen, zeigte, dass die Teilchen nicht-hemmende und nichtzytotoxischen auf eines dieser Systeme waren. Unsere Ergebnisse bieten eine einfache, umweltfreundliche und wirtschaftliche Route zur Herstellung von technologisch wichtigen halbleitenden Ag&#x2082;S Nanopartikel. Diese Teilchen sind Dispergierbare und biokompatibel, wodurch ausgezeichnete M&ouml;glichkeiten f&uuml;r den Einsatz in optischen Bildgebung, elektronische Ger&auml;te und Solarzelle-Anwendungen.

Monodispersed biokompatible Silbersulfid Nanopartikel: oberfl&auml;chlich extrazellul&auml;re Biosynthese mit dem &gamma;-Proteobacterium, Shewanella Oneidensis.

Interesse in metallo ingegnerizzato e semiconductor nanocrystallites continua a crescere a causa della loro unico optoelettronici dipendente dalla dimensione e forma, propriet&agrave; fisico-chimiche e biologiche. Pertanto identificare delle nanoparticelle non pericolosi romanzo sintesi rotte che idrofilia indirizzo, i costi di produzione e controllo dimensioni e la forma &egrave; diventata una priorit&agrave;. Nel presente articolo riportiamo per la prima volta sulla generazione efficiente di nanoparticelle extracellulare solfuro d&#39;argento (Ag&#x2082;S) per la riduzione del metallo batterio Shewanella oneidensis. Le particelle sono ragionevolmente monodispersed e modellato in modo omogeneo. Esse sono prodotte sotto temperature e pressioni ad alto rendimento, massimo teorico del 85%. UV-visibile e Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, diffusione dinamica della luce, diffrazione di raggi x, microscopia elettronica di trasmissione e le misure di spettroscopia fotoelettronica a raggi x ha confermato la formazione, propriet&agrave; ottiche e superficiale, purezza e cristallinit&agrave; delle particelle sintetizzate. Ulteriore caratterizzazione ha rivelato che le particelle costituiti da sfere con un diametro medio di 9&plusmn;3.5 nm e separati, ricoperti da un rivestimento superficiale di proteine/peptidi staccabile. Le valutazioni di tossicit&agrave; di queste nanoparticelle Ag&#x2082;S biogeniche su Gram-negativi (Escherichia coli e S. oneidensis) e Gram-positivi (Bacillus subtilis) sistemi batterici, come pure linee di cellule eucariotiche compresi mouse polmone epitelio (C 10) e le cellule dei macrofagi (RAW 264.7), ha mostrato che le particelle erano non-inibitoria e non citotossiche per uno qualsiasi di questi sistemi. I nostri risultati forniscono un percorso facile, ecologico ed economico per la fabbricazione di semiconduttori Ag&#x2082;S tecnologicamente importante nanoparticelle. Queste particelle sono dispersible e biocompatibile, fornendo cos&igrave; eccellente potenziale per l&#39;utilizzo in applicazioni di celle solari, dispositivi elettronici e imaging ottico.

Monodispersed biocompatibile solfuro d&#39;argento nanoparticelle: biosintesi extracellulare facile usando il &gamma;-proteobacterium, Shewanella oneidensis.

&#x8A2D;&#x8A08;&#x3055;&#x308C;&#x305F;&#x91D1;&#x5C5E;&#x3068;&#x534A;&#x5C0E;&#x4F53;&#x30CA;&#x30CE;&#x5FAE;&#x7D50;&#x6676;&#x306E;&#x95A2;&#x5FC3;&#x306F;&#x72EC;&#x81EA;&#x306E;&#x30B5;&#x30A4;&#x30BA;&#x3068;&#x5F62;&#x72B6;&#x306B;&#x4F9D;&#x5B58;&#x3059;&#x308B;&#x5149;&#x3001;&#x7269;&#x7406;&#x5316;&#x5B66;&#x7684;&#x304A;&#x3088;&#x3073;&#x751F;&#x7269;&#x5B66;&#x7684;&#x7279;&#x6027;&#x306E;&#x305F;&#x3081;&#x306B;&#x6210;&#x9577;&#x3092;&#x7D9A;&#x3051;&#x3066;&#x3044;&#x307E;&#x3059;&#x3002;&#x3057;&#x305F;&#x304C;&#x3063;&#x3066;&#x3001;&#x30A2;&#x30C9;&#x30EC;&#x30B9;&#x89AA;&#x6C34;&#x6027;&#x3001;&#x5927;&#x304D;&#x3055;&#x3084;&#x5F62;&#x72B6;&#x306E;&#x5236;&#x5FA1;&#x3068;&#x751F;&#x7523;&#x30B3;&#x30B9;&#x30C8;&#x304C;&#x512A;&#x5148;&#x3068;&#x306A;&#x3063;&#x3066;&#x3044;&#x308B;&#x5C0F;&#x8AAC;&#x306E;&#x975E;&#x6709;&#x5BB3;&#x30CA;&#x30CE;&#x7C92;&#x5B50;&#x306E;&#x5408;&#x6210;&#x7D4C;&#x8DEF;&#x3092;&#x8B58;&#x5225;&#x3057;&#x307E;&#x3059;&#x3002;&#x672C;&#x8AD6;&#x6587;&#x3067;&#x306F;&#x3001;&#x5916;&#x9280;&#x786B;&#x5316;&#x9280;&#xFF08;Ag&#x2082;S&#xFF09;&#x306E;&#x52B9;&#x7387;&#x7684;&#x306A;&#x751F;&#x6210;&#x306B;&#x521D;&#x3081;&#x3066;&#x5831;&#x544A;&#x3057;&#x305F;&#x91D1;&#x5C5E;&#x9084;&#x5143;&#x7D30;&#x83CC;Shewanella&#x306F;&#x306E;oneidensis&#x306B;&#x3088;&#x308B;&#x30CA;&#x30CE;&#x7C92;&#x5B50;&#x3002;&#x7C92;&#x5B50;&#x304C;&#x5408;&#x7406;&#x7684;&#x306B;&#x5358;&#x5206;&#x6563;&#x3057;&#x3066;&#x5747;&#x4E00;&#x306B;&#x5F62;&#x6210;&#x3055;&#x308C;&#x307E;&#x3059;&#x3002;&#x5F7C;&#x3089;&#x306F;&#x3001;&#x9AD8;&#x53CE;&#x7387;&#x3001;85&#xFF05;&#x7406;&#x8AD6;&#x4E0A;&#x306E;&#x6700;&#x5927;&#x5468;&#x56F2;&#x6E29;&#x5EA6;&#x304A;&#x3088;&#x3073;&#x5727;&#x529B;&#x4E0B;&#x3067;&#x751F;&#x7523;&#x3055;&#x308C;&#x3066;&#x3044;&#x307E;&#x3059;&#x3002; UV-&#x53EF;&#x8996;&#x304A;&#x3088;&#x3073;&#x30D5;&#x30FC;&#x30EA;&#x30A8;&#x5909;&#x63DB;&#x8D64;&#x5916;&#x5206;&#x5149;&#x6CD5;&#x3001;&#x52D5;&#x7684;&#x5149;&#x6563;&#x4E71;&#x3001;X&#x7DDA;&#x56DE;&#x6298;&#x3001;&#x900F;&#x904E;&#x578B;&#x96FB;&#x5B50;&#x9855;&#x5FAE;&#x93E1;&#x3068;X&#x7DDA;&#x5149;&#x96FB;&#x5B50;&#x5206;&#x5149;&#x6E2C;&#x5B9A;&#x306F;&#x3001;&#x5408;&#x6210;&#x3055;&#x308C;&#x305F;&#x7C92;&#x5B50;&#x306E;&#x5F62;&#x6210;&#x3001;&#x5149;&#x5B66;&#x7684;&#x304A;&#x3088;&#x3073;&#x8868;&#x9762;&#x7279;&#x6027;&#x3001;&#x7D14;&#x5EA6;&#x304A;&#x3088;&#x3073;&#x7D50;&#x6676;&#x6027;&#x3092;&#x78BA;&#x8A8D;&#x3057;&#x305F;&#x3002;&#x3055;&#x3089;&#x306A;&#x308B;&#x7279;&#x5FB4;&#x306F;&#x3001;&#x7C92;&#x5B50;&#x306F;&#x3001;9&#xB1;3.5 nm&#x306E;&#x5E73;&#x5747;&#x76F4;&#x5F84;&#x3092;&#x6709;&#x3059;&#x308B;&#x7403;&#x304B;&#x3089;&#x69CB;&#x6210;&#x3055;&#x308C;&#x3066;&#x3044;&#x308B;&#x3053;&#x3068;&#x3092;&#x660E;&#x3089;&#x304B;&#x306B;&#x3057;&#x3001;&#x7740;&#x8131;&#x53EF;&#x80FD;&#x306A;&#x30BF;&#x30F3;&#x30D1;&#x30AF;&#x8CEA;/&#x30DA;&#x30D7;&#x30C1;&#x30C9;&#x306E;&#x8868;&#x9762;&#x30B3;&#x30FC;&#x30C8;&#x3067;&#x304A;&#x304A;&#x308F;&#x308C;&#x3066;&#x3044;&#x307E;&#x3059;&#x3002;&#x30DE;&#x30A6;&#x30B9;&#x4E0A;&#x76AE;&#x80BA;&#xFF08;C 10&#xFF09;&#x304A;&#x3088;&#x3073;&#x30DE;&#x30AF;&#x30ED;&#x30D5;&#x30A1;&#x30FC;&#x30B8;&#xFF08;RAW-264.7&#x3092;&#x542B;&#x3080;&#x30B0;&#x30E9;&#x30E0;&#x9670;&#x6027;&#x83CC;&#xFF08;&#x5927;&#x8178;&#x83CC;&#x53CA;&#x3073;S. oneidensis&#xFF09;&#x3068;&#x30B0;&#x30E9;&#x30E0;&#x967D;&#x6027;&#x83CC;&#xFF08;&#x67AF;&#x8349;&#x83CC;&#xFF09;&#x7D30;&#x83CC;&#x7CFB;&#x3068;&#x540C;&#x69D8;&#x306B;&#x3001;&#x771F;&#x6838;&#x7D30;&#x80DE;&#x30E9;&#x30A4;&#x30F3;&#x4E0A;&#x306E;&#x3053;&#x308C;&#x3089;&#x306E;&#x751F;&#x7269;&#x306E;Ag&#x2082;S&#x30CA;&#x30CE;&#x7C92;&#x5B50;&#x306E;&#x6BD2;&#x6027;&#x8A55;&#x4FA1;&#x7D30;&#x80DE;&#xFF09;&#x306F;&#x3001;&#x7C92;&#x5B50;&#x304C;&#x975E;&#x6291;&#x5236;&#x3001;&#x3053;&#x308C;&#x3089;&#x306E;&#x30B7;&#x30B9;&#x30C6;&#x30E0;&#x306E;&#x3044;&#x305A;&#x308C;&#x304B;&#x306B;&#x975E;&#x7D30;&#x80DE;&#x6BD2;&#x6027;&#x3067;&#x3042;&#x308B;&#x3053;&#x3068;&#x3092;&#x793A;&#x3057;&#x305F;&#x3002;&#x6211;&#x3005;&#x306E;&#x7D50;&#x679C;&#x306F;&#x3001;&#x6280;&#x8853;&#x7684;&#x306B;&#x91CD;&#x8981;&#x306A;&#x534A;&#x5C0E;&#x4F53;&#x306E;Ag&#x2082;S&#x30CA;&#x30CE;&#x7C92;&#x5B50;&#x3092;&#x88FD;&#x9020;&#x3059;&#x308B;&#x305F;&#x3081;&#x306E;&#x5BB9;&#x6613;&#x306A;&#x3001;&#x74B0;&#x5883;&#x306B;&#x512A;&#x3057;&#x3044;&#x3001;&#x7D4C;&#x6E08;&#x7684;&#x306A;&#x30EB;&#x30FC;&#x30C8;&#x3092;&#x63D0;&#x4F9B;&#x3057;&#x3066;&#x3044;&#x307E;&#x3059;&#x3002;&#x3053;&#x308C;&#x3089;&#x306E;&#x7C92;&#x5B50;&#x306F;&#x3001;&#x3053;&#x306E;&#x3088;&#x3046;&#x306B;&#x5149;&#x5B66;&#x7684;&#x30A4;&#x30E1;&#x30FC;&#x30B8;&#x30F3;&#x30B0;&#x3001;&#x96FB;&#x5B50;&#x30C7;&#x30D0;&#x30A4;&#x30B9;&#x3084;&#x592A;&#x967D;&#x96FB;&#x6C60;&#x306E;&#x30A2;&#x30D7;&#x30EA;&#x30B1;&#x30FC;&#x30B7;&#x30E7;&#x30F3;&#x3067;&#x4F7F;&#x7528;&#x3059;&#x308B;&#x305F;&#x3081;&#x306E;&#x512A;&#x308C;&#x305F;&#x6F5C;&#x5728;&#x80FD;&#x529B;&#x3092;&#x63D0;&#x4F9B;&#x3057;&#x3001;&#x5206;&#x6563;&#x6027;&#x3001;&#x751F;&#x4F53;&#x9069;&#x5408;&#x6027;&#x304C;&#x3042;&#x308A;&#x307E;&#x3059;&#x3002;

&#x5358;&#x5206;&#x6563;&#x751F;&#x4F53;&#x9069;&#x5408;&#x6027;&#x306E;&#x786B;&#x5316;&#x9280;&#x30CA;&#x30CE;&#x7C92;&#x5B50;&#xFF1A;&#x3B3;-&#x30D7;&#x30ED;&#x30C6;&#x30AA;&#x30D0;&#x30AF;&#x30C6;&#x30EA;&#x30A2;&#x3001;&#x7D30;&#x83CC;Shewanella Oneidensis&#x3092;&#x4F7F;&#x7528;&#x3057;&#x305F;&#x7C21;&#x4FBF;&#x306A;&#x5916;&#x751F;

&#xC124;&#xACC4; &#xB41C; &#xAE08;&#xC18D; &#xBC0F; &#xBC18;&#xB3C4;&#xCCB4; nanocrystallites&#xC5D0; &#xB300; &#xD55C; &#xAD00;&#xC2EC; &#xB54C;&#xBB38;&#xC5D0; &#xADF8;&#xB4E4;&#xC758; &#xB3C5;&#xD2B9;&#xD55C; &#xD06C;&#xAE30;&#xC640; &#xBAA8;&#xC591; &#xC885;&#xC18D; &#xAD11;&#xC804;&#xC790;, &#xBB3C;&#xB9AC; &#xD654;&#xD559;&#xC801; &#xBC0F; &#xC0DD;&#xBB3C;&#xD559;&#xC801; &#xC18D;&#xC131; &#xC131;&#xC7A5;&#xC744; &#xACC4;&#xC18D; &#xD558;. &#xADF8; &#xC8FC;&#xC18C; &#xD654;&#xB780; &#xB77C;&#xC6B0;&#xD305;&#xD569;&#xB2C8;&#xB2E4; &#xB530;&#xB77C;&#xC11C; &#xC2DD;&#xBCC4; &#xC18C;&#xC124; &#xBE44; &#xC720;&#xD574; &#xB098;&#xB178; &#xC785;&#xC790; &#xD569;&#xC131;, &#xD06C;&#xAE30;&#xC640; &#xBAA8;&#xC591;&#xC744; &#xC81C;&#xC5B4; &#xBC0F; &#xC0DD;&#xC0B0; &#xBE44;&#xC6A9; &#xC6B0;&#xC120; &#xC21C;&#xC704;&#xAC00; &#xB418;&#xACE0;&#xC788;&#xB2E4;. &#xD604;&#xC7AC; &#xBB38;&#xC11C;&#xC5D0;&#xC11C; &#xC6B0;&#xB9AC;&#xAC00; &#xCC98;&#xC74C;&#xC73C;&#xB85C; &#xC138;&#xD3EC; &#xC678; &#xC2E4;&#xBC84; &#xD669; &#xD654;&#xBB3C; (Ag&#x2082;S) &#xB098;&#xB178; &#xC785;&#xC790;&#xC758; &#xD6A8;&#xC728;&#xC801;&#xC778; &#xC138;&#xB300; &#xC5EC; &#xBCF4;&#xACE0; &#xAE08;&#xC18D;&#xC744; &#xAC10;&#xC18C; &#xBC15;&#xD14C;&#xB9AC;&#xC544; Shewanella oneidensis. &#xC785;&#xC790;&#xB294; &#xD569;&#xB9AC;&#xC801;&#xC73C;&#xB85C; monodispersed &#xBC0F; homogeneously &#xBAA8;&#xC591;&#xC758;. &#xADF8;&#xB4E4;&#xC740; &#xC8FC;&#xBCC0; &#xC628;&#xB3C4; &#xC555;&#xB825;&#xC774; &#xB192;&#xC740; &#xC218;&#xC728;, &#xC774;&#xB860;&#xC801;&#xC778; &#xCD5C;&#xB300; 85%&#xC5D0;&#xC11C; &#xC0DD;&#xC0B0; &#xB429;&#xB2C8;&#xB2E4;. UV &#xD45C;&#xC2DC; &#xBC0F; &#xD478;&#xB9AC;&#xC5D0; &#xBCC0;&#xD658; &#xC801;&#xC678;&#xC120; &#xBD84;&#xAD11;&#xD559;, &#xB3D9;&#xC801; &#xAD11; &#xC0B0;&#xB780;, x-&#xC120; &#xD68C;&#xC808;, &#xC804;&#xC1A1; &#xC804;&#xC790; &#xD604;&#xBBF8;&#xACBD; &#xAC80;&#xC0AC; &#xBC95; &#xBC0F; x-&#xC120; &#xAD11;&#xC804;&#xC790; &#xBD84;&#xAD11;&#xD559; &#xCE21;&#xC815; &#xD655;&#xC778; &#xD615;&#xC131;, &#xAD11;&#xD559; &#xBC0F; &#xD45C;&#xBA74; &#xC18D;&#xC131;, &#xC21C;&#xB3C4; &#xBC0F; &#xD569;&#xC131; &#xB41C; &#xC785;&#xC790;&#xC758; &#xD654;&#xB3C4;. &#xB354; &#xD2B9;&#xC131;&#xD654; &#xC785;&#xC790; 9&plusmn;3.5 nm&#xC758; &#xD3C9;&#xADE0; &#xC9C1;&#xACBD;&#xC744; &#xAC00;&#xC9C4; &#xAD6C;&#xCCB4;&#xB85C; &#xC774;&#xB8E8;&#xC5B4;&#xC838; &#xBD84;&#xB9AC;&#xD615; &#xB2E8;&#xBC31;&#xC9C8;/&#xD3A9;&#xD0C0;&#xC774;&#xB4DC; &#xD45C;&#xBA74; &#xCF54;&#xD2B8;&#xB85C; &#xB4A4;&#xB36E;&#xC778; &#xBC1D;&#xD614;&#xB2E4;. &#xADF8;&#xB78C; &#xC74C;&#xC131;&#xC5D0; &#xC774;&#xB7EC;&#xD55C; &#xC0DD;&#xBB3C; &#xAE30;&#xC6D0; Ag&#x2082;S &#xB098;&#xB178; &#xC785;&#xC790;&#xC758; &#xB3C5;&#xC131; &#xD3C9;&#xAC00; (&#xBCD1;&#xC6D0; &#xC131; &#xB300;&#xC7A5;&#xADE0;&#xACFC; S. oneidensis) &#xBC0F; &#xADF8;&#xB78C; &#xC591;&#xC131; &#xB9C8;&#xC6B0;&#xC2A4; &#xD3D0; &#xC0C1;&#xD53C; (C 10) &#xB4F1; &#xB300; &#xC2DD; &#xC138;&#xD3EC; (RAW 264.7) &#xC138;&#xD3EC;, &#xC9C4; &#xD575; &#xC138;&#xD3EC; &#xB77C;&#xC778;&#xC73C;&#xB85C; (&#xC0C8; &#xADE0;&#xC758; subtilis) &#xC138;&#xADE0;&#xC131; &#xC2DC;&#xC2A4;&#xD15C;, &#xC785;&#xC790; &#xBE44; &#xAE08;&#xC9C0; &#xBC0F; &#xBE44; cytotoxic &#xC774;&#xB7EC;&#xD55C; &#xC2DC;&#xC2A4;&#xD15C;&#xC744; &#xD588;&#xB2E4; &#xBCF4;&#xC5EC;&#xC8FC;&#xC5C8;&#xB2E4;. &#xC6B0;&#xB9AC;&#xC758; &#xACB0;&#xACFC; &#xAE30;&#xC220;&#xC801;&#xC73C;&#xB85C; &#xC911;&#xC694; &#xD55C; &#xB300;&#xD559;&#xC740; Ag&#x2082;S &#xB098;&#xB178; &#xC785;&#xC790;&#xC758; &#xC81C;&#xC870;&#xC5D0; &#xB300; &#xD55C; &#xC190;&#xC26C;&#xC6B4;, &#xD658;&#xACBD; &#xCE5C;&#xD654;&#xC801;&#xC774; &#xACE0; &#xACBD;&#xC81C;&#xC801;&#xC778; &#xACBD;&#xB85C; &#xC81C;&#xACF5;&#xD569;&#xB2C8;&#xB2E4;. &#xC774;&#xB7EC;&#xD55C; &#xC785;&#xC790;&#xB294; &#xBD84;&#xC0B0; &#xD558; &#xACE0; &#xC0DD;&#xCCB4;, &#xAD11;&#xD559; &#xC601;&#xC0C1;, &#xC804;&#xC790; &#xC7A5;&#xCE58; &#xBC0F; &#xD0DC;&#xC591; &#xC804;&#xC9C0; &#xC751;&#xC6A9; &#xD504;&#xB85C;&#xADF8;&#xB7A8;&#xC5D0; &#xC0AC;&#xC6A9; &#xD558;&#xAE30; &#xC704;&#xD574; &#xC6B0;&#xC218;&#xD55C; &#xC7A0;&#xC7AC;&#xB825;&#xC744; &#xC81C;&#xACF5; &#xD569;&#xB2C8;&#xB2E4;.

Monodispersed &#xC0DD;&#xCCB4; &#xC2E4;&#xBC84; &#xD669; &#xD654;&#xBB3C; &#xB098;&#xB178; &#xC785;&#xC790;: &gamma;-proteobacterium, Shewanella oneidensis&#xB97C; &#xC0AC;&#xC6A9; &#xD558; &#xC5EC; &#xC190;&#xC26C;&#xC6B4; &#xC138;&#xD3EC; &#xC678; &#xC0DD; &#xD569;&#xC131;.

El inter&#xE9;s en metales de ingenier&#xED;a y nanocrystallites semiconductores contin&#xFA;a creciendo debido a su singular tama&#xF1;o y la forma dependiente de la optoelectr&#xF3;nica, las propiedades f&#xED;sico-qu&#xED;micas y biol&#xF3;gicas. Por lo tanto la identificaci&#xF3;n de nuevos no peligrosas rutas de s&#xED;ntesis de nanopart&#xED;culas que el control de hidrofilicidad direcci&#xF3;n, tama&#xF1;o y forma y los costos de producci&#xF3;n se ha convertido en una prioridad. En el presente art&#xED;culo se reporta por primera vez en la generaci&#xF3;n eficiente de sulfuro de plata extracelular (Ag &#x2082; S) nanopart&#xED;culas por el oneidensis bacteria Shewanella la reducci&#xF3;n de metales. Las part&#xED;culas son razonablemente monodispersas y en forma homog&#xE9;nea. Se producen bajo temperaturas y presiones ambiente en alto rendimiento, 85% m&#xE1;ximo te&#xF3;rico. UV-visible y espectroscopia infrarroja transformada de Fourier, dispersi&#xF3;n din&#xE1;mica de luz, difracci&#xF3;n de rayos X, microscop&#xED;a electr&#xF3;nica de transmisi&#xF3;n de rayos X y espectroscop&#xED;a de fotoelectrones mediciones confirm&#xF3; la formaci&#xF3;n, propiedades &#xF3;pticas y de la superficie, la pureza y la cristalinidad de las part&#xED;culas sintetizadas. La caracterizaci&#xF3;n adicional revel&#xF3; que las part&#xED;culas constan de esferas con un di&#xE1;metro medio de 9 &#xB1; 3,5 nm, y est&#xE1;n coronadas por una prote&#xED;na desmontable / capa superficial del p&#xE9;ptido. Evaluaciones de toxicidad de estos biog&#xE9;nico Ag $ &#x2082; $ S nanopart&#xED;culas sobre (Bacillus subtilis) Gram-negativas (Escherichia coli y oneidensis S.) y Gram-positivas sistemas bacterianos, as&#xED; como l&#xED;neas de c&#xE9;lulas eucari&#xF3;ticas, incluyendo pulm&#xF3;n rat&#xF3;n epitelial (C 10) y macr&#xF3;fagos (RAW 264.7 c&#xE9;lulas), mostr&#xF3; que las part&#xED;culas eran no inhibidor y no citot&#xF3;xico a cualquiera de estos sistemas. Nuestros resultados proporcionan una v&#xED;a f&#xE1;cil, ecol&#xF3;gico y econ&#xF3;mico para la fabricaci&#xF3;n de semiconductores de tecnolog&#xED;a importante que las nanopart&#xED;culas de Ag $ &#x2082; $ S. Estas part&#xED;culas son dispersables y biocompatible, proporcionando as&#xED; un excelente potencial para su uso en im&#xE1;genes &#xF3;pticas, los dispositivos electr&#xF3;nicos y aplicaciones de c&#xE9;lulas solares.

Monodispersas biocompatibles nanopart&#xED;culas de plata sulfuro: Bios&#xED;ntesis extracelular Facile Uso de la &#x3B3;-proteobacteria, Shewanella oneidensis

We synthesized mesoporous carbon from pre-cross-linked lignin gel impregnated with a surfactant as the pore-forming agent and then activated the carbon through physical and chemical methods to obtain activated mesoporous carbon. The activated mesoporous carbons exhibited 1.5- to 6-fold increases in porosity with a maximum Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) specific surface area of 1148 m(2)/g and a pore volume of 1.0 cm(3)/g. Both physical and chemical activation enhanced the mesoporosity along with significant microporosity. Plots of cyclic voltammetric data with the capacitor electrode made from these carbons showed an almost rectangular curve depicting the behavior of ideal double-layer capacitance. Although the pristine mesoporous carbon exhibited a range of surface-area-based capacitance similar to that of other known carbon-based supercapacitors, activation decreased the surface-area-based specific capacitance and enhanced the gravimetric specific capacitance of the mesoporous carbons. A vertical tail in the lower-frequency domain of the Nyquist plot provided additional evidence of good supercapacitor behavior for the activated mesoporous carbons. We have modeled the equivalent circuit of the Nyquist plot with the help of two constant phase elements (CPE). Our work demonstrated that biomass-derived mesoporous carbon materials continue to show potential for use in specific electrochemical applications. 

Studies on supercapacitor electrode material from activated lignin-derived mesoporous carbon.

Microporous metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) represent a new family of microporous materials, offering potential applications in gas separation and storage, catalysis, and membranes. The engineering of hierarchical superstructured MOFs, i.e., fabricating mesopores in microporous frameworks during the crystallization stage is expected to serve a myriad of applications for molecular adsorption, drug delivery, and catalysis. However, MOFs with mesopores are rarely studied because of the lack of a simple, effective way to construct mesoscale cavities in the structures. Here, we report the use of a perturbation-assisted nanofusion technique to construct hierarchically superstructured MOFs. In particular, the mesopores in the MOF structure enabled the confinement of large dye species, resulting in fluorescent MOF materials, which can serve as a new type of ratiometric luminescent sensors for typical volatile organic compounds. 

Encapsulation of large dye molecules in hierarchically superstructured metal-organic frameworks.

In this work, sulfur-functionalized ordered mesoporous carbons were synthesized by activating the soft-templated mesoporous carbons with sulfur bearing salts that simultaneously enhanced the surface area and introduced sulfur functionalities onto the parent carbon surface. XPS analysis showed that sulfur content within the mesoporous carbons were between 8.2% and 12.9%. The sulfur functionalities include C-S, C═S, -COS, and SO. SEM images confirmed the ordered mesoporosity within the material. The BET surface areas of the sulfur-functionalized ordered mesoporous carbons range from 837 to 2865 m/g with total pore volume of 0.71-2.3 cm/g. The carbon with highest sulfur functionality was examined for aqueous phase adsorption of mercury (as HgCl), lead (as Pb(NO)), cadmium (as CdCl), and nickel (as NiCl) ions in both noncompetitive and competitive mode. Under noncompetitive mode and at a pH greater than 7.0 the affinity of sulfur-functionalized carbons toward heavy metals were in the order of Hg > Pb > Cd > Ni. At lower pH, the adsorbent switched its affinity between Pb and Cd. In the noncompetitive mode, Hg and Pb adsorption showed a strong pH dependency whereas Cd and Ni adsorption did not demonstrate a significant influence of pH. The distribution coefficient for noncompetitive adsorption was in the range of 2448-4000 mL/g for Hg, 290-1990 mL/g for Pb, 550-560 mL/g for Cd, and 115-147 for Ni. The kinetics of adsorption suggested a pseudo-second-order model fits better than other models for all the metals. XPS analysis of metal-adsorption carbons suggested that 7-8% of the adsorbed Hg was converted to HgSO, 14% and 2% of Pb was converted to PbSO and PbS/PbO, respectively, and 5% Cd was converted to CdSO. Ni was below the detection limit for XPS. Overall results suggested these carbon materials might be useful for the separation of heavy metals.

Noncompetitive and Competitive Adsorption of Heavy Metals in Sulfur-Functionalized Ordered Mesoporous Carbon.

As the spatial resolution of mass spectrometry imaging technologies has begun to reach into the nanometer regime, finding readily available or easily made resolution reference materials has become particularly challenging for molecular imaging purposes. This paper describes the fabrication, characterization and use of vertical line array polymeric spatial resolution test patterns for nano-thermal analysis/atomic force microscopy/mass spectrometry chemical imaging.

Polymeric spatial resolution test patterns for mass spectrometry imaging using nano-thermal analysis with atomic force microscopy.

A composite organic cathode material based on aromatic polyimide (PI) and highly conductive graphene was prepared through a facile in situ polymerization method for application in lithium-ion batteries. The in situ polymerization generated intimate contact between PI and electronically conductive graphene, resulting in conductive composites with highly reversible redox reactions and good structure stability. The synergistic effect between PI and graphene enabled not only a high reversible capacity of 232.6 mAh g at a charge-discharge rate of C/10 but also exceptionally high-rate cycling stability, that is, a high capacity of 108.9 mAh g at a very high charge-discharge rate of 50C with a capacity retention of 80 % after 1000 cycles. This improved electrochemical performance resulted from the combination of stable redox reversibility of PI and high electronic conductivity of the graphene additive. The graphene-based composite also exhibited much better performance than composites based on multi-walled carbon nanotubes and the conductive carbon black C45 in terms of specific capacity and long-term cycling stability under the same charge-discharge rates.

Aromatic Polyimide/Graphene Composite Organic Cathodes for Fast and Sustainable Lithium-Ion Batteries.

Ammonia synthesis consumes 3 to 5% of the world's natural gas, making it a significant contributor to greenhouse gas emissions. Strategies for synthesizing ammonia that are not dependent on the energy-intensive and methane-based Haber-Bosch process are critically important for reducing global energy consumption and minimizing climate change. Motivated by a need to investigate novel nitrogen fixation mechanisms, we herein describe a highly textured physical catalyst, composed of N-doped carbon nanospikes, that electrochemically reduces dissolved N gas to ammonia in an aqueous electrolyte under ambient conditions. The Faradaic efficiency (FE) achieves 11.56 ± 0.85% at -1.19 V versus the reversible hydrogen electrode, and the maximum production rate is 97.18 ± 7.13 μg hour cm. The catalyst contains no noble or rare metals but rather has a surface composed of sharp spikes, which concentrates the electric field at the tips, thereby promoting the electroreduction of dissolved N molecules near the electrode. The choice of electrolyte is also critically important because the reaction rate is dependent on the counterion type, suggesting a role in enhancing the electric field at the sharp spikes and increasing N concentration within the Stern layer. The energy efficiency of the reaction is estimated to be 5.25% at the current FE of 11.56%.

A physical catalyst for the electrolysis of nitrogen to ammonia.

Pressure-induced polymerization (PIP) of aromatics is a novel method for constructing sp -carbon frameworks, and nanothreads with diamond-like structures were synthesized by compressing benzene and its derivatives. Here by compressing a benzene-hexafluorobenzene cocrystal (CHCF), H-F-substituted graphane with a layered structure in the PIP product was identified. Based on the crystal structure determined from the in situ neutron diffraction and the intermediate products identified by gas chromatography-mass spectrum, we found that at 20 GPa CHCF forms tilted columns with benzene and hexafluorobenzene stacked alternatively, and leads to a [4+2] polymer, which then transforms to short-range ordered H-F-substituted graphane. The reaction process involves [4+2] Diels-Alder, retro-Diels-Alder, and 1-1' coupling reactions, and the former is the key reaction in the PIP. These studies confirm the elemental reactions of PIP of CHCF for the first time, and provide insight into the PIP of aromatics.

Pressure-Induced Diels-Alder Reactions in C H -C F Cocrystal towards Graphane Structure.

A metal-organic framework (MOF) is one kind of crystalline microporous material and is increasingly used as a host of catalytically active guests. Nanostructured materials supported on MOFs have presented enhanced catalytic activity and stability. Templates or several steps are essential to the synthesis of MOF composites. Simple and effective MOF synthesis methods are still challenging. Nanosized copper oxide particles in MOF composites, described as nanosized CuO@HKUST-1, were prepared by a facile solvent-free reaction. These series of CuO@HKUST-1 composites exhibited excellent photocatalytic activity for production of hydrogen and methylene blue (MB) degradation under visible light. This synthesis method provides an effective way to fabricate MOF-related nanocomposite catalysts.

Solvent-Free Synthesis of CuO/HKUST-1 Composite and Its Photocatalytic Application.

Nitrogen and sulfur codoped and completely renewable carbons were synthesized from two types of algae,  and  without any additional nitrogen fixation reaction. The type of activation agents, char-forming temperature, activation agent-to-char ratio, and activation temperature were all varied to optimize the reaction conditions for this synthesis. The maximum Brunauer-Emmett-Teller surface area and total pore volumes of the carbons were 2685 m/g and 1.4 cm/g, respectively. The nitrogen and sulfur contents of the carbons were in the range of 0.9-5.69 at. % and 0.05-0.2 at. %, respectively. The key nitrogen functionalities were pyridinic, amino, and pyridonic/pyrrolic groups, whereas the key sulfur functionalities were S-C, O-S-C, and SO  groups. CO adsorption isotherms were measured at 273, 298, and 313 K, and the ideal adsorbed solution theory was employed to calculate the selectivity of adsorption of CO over N and simulate binary adsorption isotherms. The adsorption results demonstrated that the CO adsorption amount and the heat of CO adsorption were higher for carbons with higher nitrogen content, confirming the influence of nitrogen functionality in CO adsorption. The overall results suggested that these algae-derived renewable carbons can serve as potential adsorbents for CO separation from N.

Synthesis of Nitrogen and Sulfur Codoped Nanoporous Carbons from Algae: Role in CO Separation.

The geometric structure of carbon electrodes affects their electrochemical behavior, and large-scale surface roughness leads to thin layer electrochemistry when analyte is trapped in pores. However, the current response is always a mixture of both thin layer and diffusion processes. Here, we systematically explore the effects of thin layer electrochemistry and diffusion at carbon fiber (CF), carbon nanospike (CNS), and carbon nanotube yarn (CNTY) electrodes. The cyclic voltammetry (CV) response to the surface-insensitive redox couple Ru(NH) is tested, so the geometric structure is the only factor. At CFs, the reaction is diffusion-controlled because the surface is smooth. CNTY electrodes have gaps between nanotubes that are about 10 μm deep, comparable with the diffusion layer thickness. CNTY electrodes show clear thin layer behavior due to trapping effects, with more symmetrical peaks and Δ closer to zero. CNS electrodes have submicrometer scale roughness, so their CV shape is mostly due to diffusion, not thin layer effects. However, even the 10% contribution of thin layer behavior reduces the peak separation by 30 mV, indicating Δ is influenced not only by electron transfer kinetics but also by surface geometry. A new simulation model is developed to quantitate the thin layer and diffusion contributions that explains the CV shape and peak separation for CNS and CNTY electrodes, providing insight on the impact of scan rate and surface structure size. Thus, this study provides key understanding of thin layer and diffusion processes at different surface structures and will enable rational design of electrodes with thin layer electrochemistry.

Influence of Geometry on Thin Layer and Diffusion Processes at Carbon Electrodes.

The application of antiviral coatings to masks and respirators is a potential mitigating step toward reducing viral transmission during the SARS-CoV-2 (severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2) pandemic. The use of appropriate masks, social distancing, and vaccines is the immediate solution for limiting the viral spread and protecting people from this virus. N95 respirator masks are effective in filtering the virus particles, but they cannot kill or deactivate the virus. We report a possible approach to deactivating SARS-CoV-2 by applying an antimicrobial coating (Goldshield 75) to masks and respirators, rendering them suitable for repeated use. Masks coated with Goldshield 75 demonstrated continuous inactivation of the Alpha and Beta variants of the SARS-CoV-2 over a 3-day period and no loss of inactivation when stored at temperatures at 50 °C.

ArticleTotal : 2	Year
Publication title	2021
Publication title Cited by 1	2023

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Pressure-Induced Diels-Alder Reactions in C H -C F Cocrystal towards Graphane Structure. Angewandte Chemie (International ed. in English)\| PubMed ID: 30488662	2019
Solvent-Free Synthesis of CuO/HKUST-1 Composite and Its Photocatalytic Application. Inorganic chemistry\| PubMed ID: 31188582	2019
Synthesis of Nitrogen and Sulfur Codoped Nanoporous Carbons from Algae: Role in CO Separation. ACS omega\| PubMed ID: 31458427	2018
Influence of Geometry on Thin Layer and Diffusion Processes at Carbon Electrodes. Langmuir : the ACS journal of surfaces and colloids\| PubMed ID: 33591763	2021
Effective antiviral coatings for deactivating SARS-CoV-2 virus on N95 respirator masks or filters. Materials today. Advances\| PubMed ID: 35284812	2022

Dale K. Hensley

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