bioluminescent-optogenetics-20-harnessing-bioluminescence-to-activate

Bioluminescent Optogenetics 2.0: Harnessing Bioluminescence to Activate Photosensory Proteins <em>In Vitro</em> and <em>In Vivo</em>

Bioluminescence - light emitted by a luciferase enzyme oxidizing a small molecule substrate, a luciferin - has been used in vitro and in vivo to activate ...

Central Michigan University

In genetic and pharmacological models of neurodevelopmental disorders, and human data, neural activity is altered within the developing neocortical network. This commonality begs the question of whether early enhancement in excitation might be a common driver, across etiologies, of characteristic behaviors. We tested this concept by chemogenetically driving cortical pyramidal neurons during postnatal days 4-14. Hyperexcitation of Emx1-, but not dopamine transporter-, parvalbumin-, or Dlx5/6-expressing neurons, led to decreased social interaction and increased grooming activity in adult animals.  optogenetic interrogation in adults revealed decreased baseline but increased stimulus-evoked firing rates of pyramidal neurons and impaired recruitment of inhibitory neurons. Slice recordings in adults from prefrontal cortex layer 5 pyramidal neurons revealed decreased intrinsic excitability and increased synaptic E/I ratio. Together these results support the prediction that enhanced pyramidal firing during development, in otherwise normal cortex, can selectively drive altered adult circuit function and maladaptive changes in behavior.

Selective postnatal excitation of neocortical pyramidal neurons results in distinctive behavioral and circuit deficits in adulthood.

Bioluminescent optogenetics (BL-OG) allows activation of photosensory proteins, such as opsins, by either fiberoptics or by administering a luciferin. BL-OG thus confers both optogenetic and chemogenetic access within the same genetically targeted neuron. This bimodality offers a powerful approach for non-invasive chemogenetic manipulation of neural activity during brain development and adult behaviors with standard optogenetic spatiotemporal precision. We detail protocols for bioluminescent stimulation of neurons in postnatally developing brain and its validation through bioluminescence imaging and electrophysiological recording in mice. For complete information on the use and execution of this protocol, please refer to Medendorp et al. (2021).

Article	Year
Selective postnatal excitation of neocortical pyramidal neurons results in distinctive behavioral and circuit deficits in adulthood. iScience\| PubMed ID: 33665575	2021
Bioluminescent optogenetic (BL-OG) activation of neurons during mouse postnatal brain development. STAR protocols\| PubMed ID: 34286295	2021

Emmanuel L. Crespo

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