digital-spatial-profiling-for-characterization-microenvironment-adult

Digital Spatial Profiling for Characterization of the Microenvironment in Adult-Type Diffusely Infiltrating Glioma

Diffusely infiltrating gliomas are associated with high morbidity and mortality due to the infiltrative nature of tumor spread. They are morphologically ...

Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center

Pineal Region High-Grade Glioneuronal Tumor With a Novel ZBTB10-NTRK3 Fusion.

We report a case of a slow-growing, diffuse, infiltrating glioma in the right brainstem of a 9-yr-old boy. The tumor was negative by immunohistochemical staining for histone H3 K27M, BRAF V600E, and IDH1 R132H mutations. Fluorescence in situ hybridization did not reveal a BRAF duplication. Genomic profiling of the tumor, by DNA methylation array and cancer whole-exome and transcriptome sequencing, was performed. This analysis showed copy-number alterations, including gains of several chromosomes. In addition, a novel fusion involving the first 17 exons of  fused to exon 2 of  was identified. This novel fusion is predicted to result in activation of fibroblast growth factor receptor (FGFR) signaling and is potentially targetable using FGFR inhibitors. This tumor expands the spectrum of pediatric diffuse gliomas.

Diffuse midline glioma with novel, potentially targetable,  fusion.

Rare Activating BRAF Alteration Involving the β3-αC Kinase Domain in Ganglioglioma.

http://journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.1177/2374289517715040..

Educational Case: Pituitary Adenoma.

We developed end-to-end deep learning models using whole slide images of adults diagnosed with diffusely infiltrating, World Health Organization (WHO) grade 2 gliomas to predict prognosis and the mutation status of a somatic biomarker, isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH) 1/2. The models, which utilize ResNet-18 as a backbone, were developed and validated on 296 patients from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database. To account for the small sample size, repeated random train/test splits were performed for hyperparameter tuning, and the out-of-sample predictions were pooled for evaluation. Our models achieved a concordance- (C-) index of 0.715 (95% CI: 0.569, 0.830) for predicting prognosis and an area under the curve (AUC) of 0.667 (0.532, 0.784) for predicting IDH mutations. When combined with additional clinical information, the performance metrics increased to 0.784 (95% CI: 0.655, 0.880) and 0.739 (95% CI: 0.613, 0.856), respectively. When evaluated on the WHO grade 3 gliomas from the TCGA dataset, which were not used for training, our models predicted survival with a C-index of 0.654 (95% CI: 0.537, 0.768) and IDH mutations with an AUC of 0.814 (95% CI: 0.721, 0.897). If validated in a prospective study, our method could potentially assist clinicians in managing and treating patients with diffusely infiltrating gliomas.

Predicting prognosis and IDH mutation status for patients with lower-grade gliomas using whole slide images.

High-grade spinal glioma (HGSG) is a rare but aggressive tumor that occurs in both adults and children. Histone H3 K27M mutation correlates with poor prognosis in children with diffuse midline glioma. However, the role of H3 K27M mutation in the prognosis of adults with HGSG remains unclear owing to the rarity of this mutation, conflicting reports, and the absence of multicenter studies on this topic.

A multicenter analysis of the prognostic value of histone H3 K27M mutation in adult high-grade spinal glioma.

Resected lesions from the pineal region are rare specimens encountered by surgical pathologists, and their heterogeneity can pose significant diagnostic challenges. Here, we reviewed 221 pineal region lesions resected at New York-Presbyterian Hospital/Columbia University Irving Medical Center from 1994 to 2019 and found the most common entities to be pineal parenchymal tumors (25.3%), glial neoplasms (18.6%), and germ cell tumors (17.6%) in this predominantly adult cohort of patients. Six cases of a rare midline entity usually found exclusively in the fourth ventricle, the rosette-forming glioneuronal tumor, were identified. These tumors exhibit biphasic morphology, with a component resembling pilocytic astrocytoma admixed with variable numbers of small cells forming compact rosettes and perivascular pseudorosettes. Targeted sequencing revealed a 100% co-occurrence of novel and previously described genetic alterations in the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) and phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K) signaling pathways, suggesting a synergistic role in tumor formation. The most common recurrent mutation, PIK3CA H1047R, was identified in tumor cells forming rosettes and perivascular pseudorosettes. A review of the literature revealed 16 additional cases of rosette-forming glioneuronal tumors in the pineal region. Although rare, this distinctive low-grade tumor warrants consideration in the differential diagnosis of pineal region lesions.

Rosette-Forming Glioneuronal Tumor in the Pineal Region: A Series of 6 Cases and Literature Review.

Gangliogliomas arise very rarely in the pineal region, where their natural histories and pathologic features are poorly understood.

Article	Year
Pineal Region High-Grade Glioneuronal Tumor With a Novel ZBTB10-NTRK3 Fusion. Journal of neuropathology and experimental neurology\| PubMed ID: 32667042	2020
Diffuse midline glioma with novel, potentially targetable, fusion. Cold Spring Harbor molecular case studies\| PubMed ID: 32839179	2020
Rare Activating BRAF Alteration Involving the β3-αC Kinase Domain in Ganglioglioma. Journal of neuropathology and experimental neurology\| PubMed ID: 33611593	2021
Educational Case: Pituitary Adenoma. Academic pathology\| PubMed ID: 34395845	2021
Predicting prognosis and IDH mutation status for patients with lower-grade gliomas using whole slide images. Scientific reports\| PubMed ID: 34413349	2021
A multicenter analysis of the prognostic value of histone H3 K27M mutation in adult high-grade spinal glioma. Journal of neurosurgery. Spine\| PubMed ID: 34416733	2021
Rosette-Forming Glioneuronal Tumor in the Pineal Region: A Series of 6 Cases and Literature Review. Journal of neuropathology and experimental neurology\| PubMed ID: 34498065	2021
Pineal region ganglioglioma: A neoplasm with a bimodal age distribution. Surgical neurology international\| PubMed ID: 35855114	2022

George Zanazzi

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