focused-ultrasound-neuromodulation-human-vitro-neural-cultures-multi

Focused Ultrasound Neuromodulation of Human <em>In Vitro</em> Neural Cultures in Multi-Well Microelectrode Arrays

The neuromodulatory effects of focused ultrasound (FUS) have been demonstrated in animal models, and FUS has been used successfully to treat movement and ...

Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine

Boo! Fear generalization in the primate amygdala.

Deep Brain Stimulation Therapy in Parkinson Disease: The Role of Cortical Phase-Amplitude Coupling Reduction.

Does Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation Actually Deliver DC Stimulation?

Does Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation Actually Deliver DC Stimulation: Response to Letter to the Editor.

Deep Brain Stimulation of the Substantia Nigra Pars Reticulata for Treatment-Resistant Schizophrenia: A Case Report.

Phase-amplitude coupling (PAC) in which the amplitude of a faster field potential oscillation is coupled to the phase of a slower rhythm, is one of the most well-studied interactions between oscillations at different frequency bands. In a healthy brain, PAC accompanies cognitive functions such as learning and memory, and changes in PAC have been associated with neurological diseases including Parkinson's disease (PD), schizophrenia, obsessive-compulsive disorder, Alzheimer's disease, and epilepsy.

Phase- targeted stimulation modulates phase-amplitude coupling in the motor cortex of the human brain.

The COVID-19 pandemic has accelerated neurological, mental health disorders, and neurocognitive issues. However, there is a lack of inexpensive and efficient brain evaluation and screening systems. As a result, a considerable fraction of patients with neurocognitive or psychobehavioral predicaments either do not get timely diagnosed or fail to receive personalized treatment plans. This is especially true in the elderly populations, wherein only 16% of seniors say they receive regular cognitive evaluations. Therefore, there is a great need for development of an optimized clinical brain screening workflow methodology like what is already in existence for prostate and breast exams. Such a methodology should be designed to facilitate objective early detection and cost-effective treatment of such disorders. In this paper we have reviewed the existing clinical protocols, recent technological advances and suggested reliable clinical workflows for brain screening. Such protocols range from questionnaires and smartphone apps to multi-modality brain mapping and advanced imaging where applicable. To that end, the Society for Brain Mapping and Therapeutics (SBMT) proposes the Brain, Spine and Mental Health Screening (NEUROSCREEN) as a multi-faceted approach. Beside other assessment tools, NEUROSCREEN employs smartphone guided cognitive assessments and quantitative electroencephalography (qEEG) as well as potential genetic testing for cognitive decline risk as inexpensive and effective screening tools to facilitate objective diagnosis, monitor disease progression, and guide personalized treatment interventions. Operationalizing NEUROSCREEN is expected to result in reduced healthcare costs and improving quality of life at national and later, global scales.

A Proposed Brain-, Spine-, and Mental- Health Screening Methodology (NEUROSCREEN) for Healthcare Systems: Position of the Society for Brain Mapping and Therapeutics.

Parkinsonian bradykinesia is rated using a composite scale incorporating slowed frequency of repetitive movements, decrement amplitude, and arrhythmicity. Differential localization of these movement components within basal ganglia would drive the development of more personalized network-targeted symptomatic therapies.

Anatomical Substrates and Connectivity for Parkinson's Disease Bradykinesia Components after STN-DBS.

Parkinsonian bradykinesia is rated using a composite scale incorporating the slowed frequency of repetitive movements, decrement amplitude and arrhythmicity. Differential localization of these movement components within the basal ganglia will drive the development of more personalized network-targeted symptomatic therapies. In this study, using an optical motion sensor, we evaluated the amplitude and frequency of hand movements during a grasping task with subthalamic nucleus deep brain stimulation 'on' or 'off' in 15 patients with Parkinson's disease. The severity of bradykinesia was assessed blindly using the Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Part III scale. The volumes of activated tissue of each subject were estimated where changes in amplitude and frequency were mapped to identify distinct anatomical substrates of each component in the subthalamic nucleus. The volumes of activated tissue were used to seed a normative functional connectome to generate connectivity maps associated with amplitude and frequency changes. Deep brain stimulation-induced change in amplitude was negatively correlated with a change in Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Part III scale for right ( = -0.65,  < 0.05) and left hand grasping scores ( = -0.63,  < 0.05). The change in frequency was negatively correlated with amplitude for both right ( = -0.63,  < 0.05) and left hands ( = -0.57,  < 0.05). The amplitude and frequency changes were represented as a spatial gradient with overlapping and non-overlapping regions spanning the anteromedial-posterolateral axis of the subthalamic nucleus. Whole-brain correlation maps between functional connectivity and motor changes were also inverted between amplitude and frequency changes. Deep brain stimulation-associated changes in frequency and amplitude were topographically and distinctly represented both locally in the subthalamic nucleus and in whole-brain functional connectivity.

Article	Year
Boo! Fear generalization in the primate amygdala. Neurosurgery\| PubMed ID: 25984999	2015
Deep Brain Stimulation Therapy in Parkinson Disease: The Role of Cortical Phase-Amplitude Coupling Reduction. Neurosurgery\| PubMed ID: 26379180	2015
Does Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation Actually Deliver DC Stimulation? Brain stimulation\| PubMed ID: 27160469	2016
Does Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation Actually Deliver DC Stimulation: Response to Letter to the Editor. Brain stimulation\| PubMed ID: 27320179	2016
Deep Brain Stimulation of the Substantia Nigra Pars Reticulata for Treatment-Resistant Schizophrenia: A Case Report. Biological psychiatry\| PubMed ID: 33906736	2021
Phase- targeted stimulation modulates phase-amplitude coupling in the motor cortex of the human brain. Brain stimulation\| PubMed ID: 34856396	2022
A Proposed Brain-, Spine-, and Mental- Health Screening Methodology (NEUROSCREEN) for Healthcare Systems: Position of the Society for Brain Mapping and Therapeutics. Journal of Alzheimer's disease : JAD\| PubMed ID: 35034899	2022
Anatomical Substrates and Connectivity for Parkinson's Disease Bradykinesia Components after STN-DBS. medRxiv : the preprint server for health sciences\| PubMed ID: 36945427	2023
Anatomical substrates and connectivity for bradykinesia motor features in Parkinson's disease after subthalamic nucleus deep brain stimulation. Brain communications\| PubMed ID: 38130840	2023

Yousef Salimpour

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