extraction-detection-geosmin-2-methylisoborneol-water-fish-using-high

Extraction and Detection of Geosmin and 2-Methylisoborneol in Water and Fish using High-Capacity Sorptive Extraction Probes and GC-MS

Geosmin and 2-methylisoborneol are volatile organic compounds of microbial origin that frequently occur in recirculating aquaculture systems and confer ...

Markes International Ltd

Tobacco product waste poses a global environmental issue, affecting urban and coastal areas alike. The present studies report, for the first time, the total and bioavailable polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) concentrations in unused and operated heat-not-burn (HnBs) tobacco products. To enable direct comparisons, identical sets of studies were conducted using conventional cigarettes (CCs). Five low-molecular PAHs were determined in HnBs at total concentrations that were of the same order before and after operation (ΣPAH = 47.37 ± 3.44 ng unit and ΣPAH = 69.36 ± 5.78 ng unit in unused and used HnBs, respectively). The incomplete combustion of organics during smoking of CCs, yielded substantially higher amounts of PAHs with their sum (ΣPAHs = 1449 ± 113 ng unit) being >20 times larger than those in HnBs. The tobacco and filter were the most contaminated parts in HnBs. In unused CCs, tobacco had the highest PAHs load and after smoking, the spent filter was the most contaminated part, containing ∼80% of the total amount of PAHs. Naphthalene was the most abundant PAH detected in all tobacco products. Despite the high total PAH concentrations found in smoked CCs, the sums of the bioavailable PAH concentrations were of the same order in all tested tobacco products (ΣPAH = 61.38 ± 1.79 ng unit in unused HnBs, ΣPAH = 70.87 ± 7.67 ng unit in used HnBs, ΣPAH = 66.92 ± 5.95 ng unit in unused CCs, and ΣPAH = 47.94 ± 1.26 ng unit in smoked CCs). This finding was related to smoking affecting PAHs' leachability from CCs and delaying their desorption from the solid matrix. Adjusting the pH, salt and humic acids content at environmentally relevant values did not affect PAHs leaching at 24 h of soaking. Finally, the leaching behavior of PAHs in natural waters (river water, rainwater, and seawater) was found similar to that in ultrapure water, experimentally verifying the ability of tobacco product waste to leach PAHs into the aquatic environment.

Total and bioavailable polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in unused and operated heat-not-burn tobacco products and conventional cigarettes.

Ethylene oxide (EtO), although banned for use, is still being detected in foodstuffs that have been fumigated to eradicate pests during storage and transport. Residual levels over the European Union's (EU) maximum residue limit (MRL) pose severe health concerns. Recent detection of EtO and its by-product 2-chloroethanol (2-CE) at alarming levels have led to product recalls throughout the EU. Here, a simple, automated headspace (HS)-trap method for the simultaneous determination of EtO and its derivative 2-CE by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) at the required MRL of ≤ 0.05 mg/kg has been implemented. Syringe-based HS combined with backflushed trapping technology provided enrichment of multiple extractions from the same sample vial (known as multi-step enrichment or MSE®) to increase sensitivity for EtO and 2-CE analysis by GC-MS using single-ion-monitoring (SIM) mode. Method detection limits (MDLs) of 0.00059 mg/kg and 0.00219 mg/kg for EtO and 2-CE, respectively, were obtained without the need for manual handling, solvent extraction or derivatization methods. Recoveries were shown to average ( = 5) at 98% and 107% for EtO and 2-CE, respectively, and the reproducibility was <10% for both compounds.

Automated, cryogen-free headspace-trap with gas chromatography-mass spectrometry analysis of ethylene oxide and 2-chloroethanol as residual fumigants in foods.

Article	Year
Total and bioavailable polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in unused and operated heat-not-burn tobacco products and conventional cigarettes. Chemosphere\| PubMed ID: 37247679	2023
Automated, cryogen-free headspace-trap with gas chromatography-mass spectrometry analysis of ethylene oxide and 2-chloroethanol as residual fumigants in foods. Journal of environmental science and health. Part. B, Pesticides, food contaminants, and agricultural wastes\| PubMed ID: 38179701	2024

Rachael Szafnauer

Biography

JoVE Journal Publications

Other Publications