experimental-models-cerebral-venous-sinus-thrombosis-induction

Experimental Models of Cerebral Venous Sinus Thrombosis: Induction Techniques, Species Considerations, and Translational Insights

Cerebral venous sinus thrombosis (CVST) is a rare but life-threatening cerebrovascular disorder for which animal models are essential for mechanistic and ...

Tianjin Huanhu hospital

Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) accounts for 85% of all types of lung cancer and is the leading cause of world-wide cancer-associated mortalities. Radiation therapy has long been regarded as a fundamental therapeutic treatment strategy for NSCLC. However, alternative therapies for NSCLC remain insufficient, with the majority of cancers developing a high incidence of radioresistance. MicroRNAs (miRNAs/miRs) are endogenous oligonucleotide RNAs that serve an important role in carcinogenesis and tumor progression. In the present study, a novel function of miR-133b that is associated with the radiosensitivity of lung cancer cells is reported. miR-133 was downregulated in radioresistant lung cancer cells, which exhibited an elevated glycolysis rate when compared with radiosensitive cells. Additionally, it was observed that pyruvate kinase isoform M2 (PKM2) is a target of miR-133b, and that the expression of PKM2 is positively correlated with radioresistance. Finally, it was demonstrated that overexpression of miR-133b resensitizes radioresistant lung cancer cells through the inhibition of PKM2-mediated glycolysis. The current study may indicate a novel function of miR-133b, potentially aiding the development of anticancer therapeutics.

Overexpression of microRNA-133b sensitizes non-small cell lung cancer cells to irradiation through the inhibition of glycolysis.

MiRNAs are a class of endogenous, short, single-stranded, non-coding RNAs, which are tightly linked to cardiac disorders such as myocardial ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury.  is known to be involved in the hypoxia-induced cardiomyocytes apoptosis. However, the molecular mechanisms are unclear. In the present study, we demonstrate that under low glucose supply, rat cardiomyocytes are susceptible to hypoxia. Under short-time hypoxia, cellular glucose uptake and lactate product are induced but under long-time hypoxia, the cellular glucose metabolism is suppressed. Interestingly, an adaptive up-regulation of  by long-time hypoxia was observed both  and , leading to suppression of glycolysis in cardiomyocytes. We identified lactate dehydrogenase-A (LDHA) as a direct target of , which binds to the 3'-UTR region of  mRNA in cardiomyocytes. Moreover, inhibition of  attenuated hypoxia-induced cardiomyocytes dysfunction through restoration of glycolysis. The present study illustrates roles of  in the hypoxia-induced cardiomyocytes dysfunction and proposes restoration of glycolysis of dysfunctional cardiomyocytes by inhibiting  during I/R might be an effectively therapeutic approach against I/R injury.

Attenuation of  protects cardiomyocytes against hypoxic stress through maintenance of glycolysis.

Internal jugular vein stenosis (IJVS) results in poor venous outflow and can result in intracranial hypertension. Venous stenting has become a debated topic for correction of this pathology.

Styloidectomy and Venous Stenting for Treatment of Styloid-Induced Internal Jugular Vein Stenosis: A Case Report and Literature Review.

The choice of intravenous thrombolysis for Acute Ischemic Stroke under COVID-19 infection.

 Cerebral venous thrombosis (CVT) refers to a stroke subtype characterized by the disturbance of cerebral venous outflow caused by venous thrombosis. Previous studies have reported a range of factors that predict the prognosis of CVT. This study is aimed to find out whether systolic blood pressure (SBP) and diastolic blood pressure (DBP) are suitable as potential indicators of the severity and clinical outcome in CVT patients.  The CVT patients admitted to Xuanwu Hospital from January 2014 to December 2019 were enrolled. The severity of CVT was assessed by the National Institute of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) and intracranial pressure (ICP) at the time of admission. The modified Rankin score (mRS) was assessed at 6 months of follow-up.  One hundred fifty-six CVT patients were enrolled with a mean age of 35.8 ± 12.8 years. A percentage of 55.8% of the CVT patients recruited were female, and 17.3% were either pregnant or in perinatal period. Headache was the most common symptom. SBP and DBP were not correlated with NIHSS at admission. Furthermore, SBP and DBP had no impact on the disturbance of consciousness, epilepsy, intracranial hemorrhage, and mental disorders. However, SBP and DBP were positively correlated with ICP at admission. SBP > 129.5 mmHg and/or DBP > 77.5 mmHg suggested the presence of intracranial hypertension (IH). Based on current results, SBP was not correlated with mRS at 6 months of follow-up. However, DBP was found to be positively correlated with mRS at 6 months of follow-up. DBP in CVT patients with good prognosis was significantly lower than in those with poor prognosis. DBP > 79.5 mmHg was identified as a cutoff value to predict a poor clinical outcome. A higher mRS and a higher rate of poor clinical outcome were found in CVT patients with SBP > 146 mmHg or DBP > 79.5 mmHg compared to those with SBP ≤ 146 mmHg or DBP ≤ 79.5 mmHg.  SBP > 129.5 mmHg and DBP > 77.5 mmHg suggested the presence of IH in CVT patients. DBP > 79.5 mmHg predicted a poor clinical outcome.

Low Diastolic Blood Pressure Predicts Good Clinical Outcome in Patients With Cerebral Venous Thrombosis.

Epidemiological data on cerebral venous thrombosis in China are still lacking at present on the aspects of incidence, recurrence, risk factors, and so on. Herein, we aimed to fill the gap, based on the result of this multicenter prospective cohort study. A total of 26 top tertiary hospitals distributed in China Mainland will take part in this study. For the first time, a dataset of cerebral venous thrombosis cohort (including multiethnic patients of all ages in almost all regions of Mainland China, regardless of gender) will be built. Inclusion criteria were as follows: (1) aged ≥14 years, (2) neuroimaging-confirmed cerebral venous thrombosis, (3) symptom onset was within 30 days prior to enrollment, (4) signed the informed consent form. Demographic data, risk factors, clinical and neuroimaging features, ophthalmologic and aural results, blood tests, cerebrospinal fluid examination, therapeutic strategies, and adverse events were analyzed. Two milliliters of fasting venous blood and 2 mL of cerebrospinal fluid will be collected and stored. Furthermore, patients will be followed up at months 1, 3, 6, and 12 after baseline assessment. Primary outcome will be all-cause mortality. Secondary outcomes: (1) cerebrospinal fluid pressure and Frisen grade; (2) recanalization rate on imaging; (3) rating scales such as GCS, NIHSS, mRS, Mini-Mental State Examination, Montreal Cognitive Assessment, Patient Health Questionnaire 9-item, HIT-6, and Tinnitus Handicap Index. This study will for the first time provide strong evidence on the incidence rate, recurrence rate, and demographic data, as well as special risk factors, clinical outcomes, symptomatic and imaging features of cerebral venous thrombosis in Chinese population. The results of this study will also provide an important reference on prevention, early diagnosis, and customized treatment of cerebral venous thrombosis in Chinese patients.

Protocol of a Multicenter Cohort Observational Study of Cerebral Venous Thrombosis in China Mainland.

Bilateral transverse sinus stenosis (BTSS) is associated with intracranial hypertension. Enlarged vertebral venous plexus (EVVP) refers to a compensation mechanism against elevated intracranial pressure (ICP) in patients with BTSS. This study aims to investigate the influencing factors of EVVP.

Diastolic blood pressure predicts enlarged vertebral venous plexus and intracranial pressure in patients with bilateral transverse sinus stenosis.

ObjectivesThe aim of this study was to formulate an ultrasonic diagnostic criterion for stenosis in the J3 segment of internal jugular vein (IJV) and probe into the effects of stenosis in the J3 segment on intracranial pressure (ICP) and the cerebral drainage pattern.MethodsParticipants who exhibited narrowing in the J3 segment of IJV on neuroimaging and reported symptoms correlated with IJV stenosis (IJVS) were enlisted from Xuanwu Hospital. Clinical data were retrospectively amassed.ResultsA total of 163 subjects including 57 IJVS subjects and 106 control subjects were recruited. We unearthed an inverse relationship between the pressure gradient and the flow velocity. Flow velocity at or below 27.5 cm/s coincided with pressure gradient values of 4 mmHg or greater. There is no significant correlation between IJVS and ICP. Additionally, a linear correlation was identified between the bilateral flow volume in the J3 segment and ICP. Values exceeding 425 mL/min were indicative of intracranial hypertension. There was an increase in diameter, flow volume and flow velocity in the bilateral vertebral veins in participants with IJVS.ConclusionsThe J3 segment of IJV displays right dominance. Stenosis can be deduced when the flow velocity in the J3 segment is at or below 27.5 cm/s. Stenosis in the J3 segment yielded a diminished outflow in the IJV and an augmented outflow in the vertebral veins. When bilateral flow volume in the J3 segment exceeds 425 mL/min, it denotes intracranial hypertension.

Article	Year
Overexpression of microRNA-133b sensitizes non-small cell lung cancer cells to irradiation through the inhibition of glycolysis. Oncology letters\| PubMed ID: 27073574	2016
Attenuation of protects cardiomyocytes against hypoxic stress through maintenance of glycolysis. Bioscience reports\| PubMed ID: 28894025	2017
Styloidectomy and Venous Stenting for Treatment of Styloid-Induced Internal Jugular Vein Stenosis: A Case Report and Literature Review. World neurosurgery\| PubMed ID: 31229748	2019
The choice of intravenous thrombolysis for Acute Ischemic Stroke under COVID-19 infection. Clinical neurology and neurosurgery\| PubMed ID: 32512408	2020
Low Diastolic Blood Pressure Predicts Good Clinical Outcome in Patients With Cerebral Venous Thrombosis. Frontiers in neurology\| PubMed ID: 34566828	2021
Protocol of a Multicenter Cohort Observational Study of Cerebral Venous Thrombosis in China Mainland. Cerebrovascular diseases (Basel, Switzerland)\| PubMed ID: 35981508	2023
Diastolic blood pressure predicts enlarged vertebral venous plexus and intracranial pressure in patients with bilateral transverse sinus stenosis. Frontiers in neurology\| PubMed ID: 36071911	2022
A hemodynamic screening tool for symptomatic internal jugular vein stenosis in J3 segment. Phlebology\| PubMed ID: 40068213	2025

Xiaogang Gao

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