antiinflammatory-effects-sesquiterpene-lactones-from-eupatorium

Antiinflammatory Effects of Sesquiterpene Lactones from <em>Eupatorium lindleyanum</em> DC. in Rodent Models

Acute inflammation is a fundamental pathological process involved in many immune-related diseases. Eupatorium lindleyanum DC., a traditional medicinal ...

Chongqing Medical University

Both adenosine triphosphate (ATP) and glucose are important to human health, and their abnormal levels are closely related to angiocardiopathy and hypoglycaemia. Therefore, the simultaneous determination of ATP and glucose with a single test mode is highly desirable for disease diagnostics and early recognition. Herein, a new fluorescence on/off switch sensing platform is developed by carbon nanodots (CNDs) to detect ATP and glucose simultaneously. The fluorescence of CNDs can be quenched by Cu and hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂), due to the formation of hydroxyl radicals (&middot;OH) produced in the Cu-Fenton reaction. Based on the high affinity of Cu with ATP, the fluorescence of CNDs will recover effectively after adding ATP. Additionally, glucose can be efficiently catalyzed by glucose oxidase (GOx) to generate H₂O₂, so the platform can also be utilized to analyze glucose. Under optimum conditions, this sensing platform displays excellent sensitivity and the linear ranges are from 0.1 to 7 &mu;M for ATP with a limit of detection (LOD) of 30.2 nM, and from 0.1 to 7 mM for glucose with a LOD 39.8 &mu;M, respectively. Benefiting from the high sensitivity and selectivity, this sensing platform is successfully applied for simultaneous detection of ATP and glucose in human serum samples with satisfactory recoveries.

Simultaneous Detection of Adenosine Triphosphate and Glucose Based on the Cu-Fenton Reaction.

Heparin (Hep) is a widely applied anticoagulant and the quantification of heparin concentration is pivotal for clinical use. In this work, silicon nanoparticles (SiNPs) modified by the amino groups and glutathione-capped gold nanoclusters (GSH-AuNCs) are able to self-assemble into spherical particle structures via the electrostatic interaction, resulting in the aggregation-enhanced emission (AEE) of GSH-AuNCs. However, Hep, a highly sulfated glycosaminoglycan with much more negative charges, can bind with the SiNPs and inhibit the aggregation. As a result, it causes the AEE quenching of GSH-AuNCs at 570 nm but the SiNPs keep their own blue fluorescence at 450 nm. Thus, the SiNPs can act as an internal reference and the GSH-AuNCs are used as a signal probe in this process. The ratiometric fluorescent signal (I/I) change of the nanohybrid probe is positively correlated with Hep concentrations in the range from 6.44 ng/mL to 96.6 ng/mL with the detection limit of 3.29 ng/mL. As expected, this strategy shows good sensitivity and selectivity, and it is also successfully applied to detect Hep in Hep sodium injection and human serum samples with good recoveries.

A ratiometric detection of heparin with high sensitivity based on aggregation-enhanced emission of gold nanoclusters triggered by silicon nanoparticles.

Metal nanoclusters protected by glutathione (GSH) have attracted a wide attention due to the unique aggregation-induced emission (AIE) feature. However, the "trigger" effects of ethanol, temperature, pH values, and metal ions may restrict the application of these particles. In this work, the amino modified silicon nanoparticles (SiNPs) and GSH-capped gold nanoclusters (GSH-AuNCs) can self-assemble into well-defined spherical particles due to the electrostatic interaction. As a result, the unique aggregation-induced emission enhancement (AIEE) of GSH-AuNCs arises at 570 nm, and the SiNPs keep their own blue fluorescence at 450 nm, so a novel nanohybrid probe (SiNPs@GSH-AuNCs) with dual-emission property has been constructed. When protamine is added to SiNPs@GSH-AuNCs, the cationic protamine can compete with SiNPs and absorb onto the surface of GSH-AuNCs, which inhibits the self-assembly and leads to the fluorescence quenching of GSH-AuNCs; while trypsin can catalyze the hydrolysis of protamine, the self-assembly starts again, producing the AIEE recovery. In the whole process, the SiNPs act as an internal standard and their emission stays constant. By means of the fluorescence intensity ratios I/I, the linear range of protamine is from 0.15 to 3.00 μg mL with the limit of detection (LOD) of 0.07 μg mL, and trypsin shows a linear response in the range from 10 to 100 ng mL with LOD of 4.50 ng mL. Furthermore, this strategy exhibits good sensitivity and selectivity, and has been further validated by applying it for the determination of protamine and trypsin in serum samples.

Aggregation-induced emission enhancement of gold nanoclusters triggered by silicon nanoparticles for ratiometric detection of protamine and trypsin.

Herein, a universal and multifunctional fluorescence sensor platform is designed by the interaction of aggregation/dispersion gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) with Tb-metal-organic frameworks (Tb-MOFs). It is found that the dispersed AuNPs rather than the aggregated ones can quench effectively the fluorescence of Tb-MOFs, and the quenching process presumably involves the mechanism of inner filter effect (IFE), dynamic quenching effect (DQE), and fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET). The different affinities of aptamer and aptamer-target complex toward AuNPs are employed to modulate the fluorescence signal change of Tb-MOFs. As the proof of concept, prostate-specific antigen (PSA), an efficient tumor indicator for prostate cancer, is selected as the target. At first, the PSA aptamer can protect AuNPs against salt-induced aggregation, leading to the fluorescence of Tb-MOFs quenching. Subsequently, upon PSA introduction, the rigid aptamer-PSA complex is formed and cannot stabilize AuNPs in high salt conditions, so the AuNPs aggregate significantly and the fluorescence of Tb-MOFs is restored. The linear range of PSA is achieved from 1 to 100 ng/mL with a detection limit of 0.36 ng/mL. Finally, this method has been validated to be sensitive and specific for PSA in human urine samples. Graphical abstract.

Emissions of terbium metal-organic frameworks modulated by dispersive/agglomerated gold nanoparticles for the construction of prostate-specific antigen biosensor.

 Acute lung injury (ALI) is a life-threatening respiratory condition and one of the leading causes of mortality worldwide, accounting for approximately 20% of global annual deaths. Despite its high prevalence and severity, effective therapeutic options remain limited.  DC., a traditional medicinal herb, has demonstrated therapeutic potential against pulmonary diseases, particularly ALI, in both clinical and experimental settings. However, the protective effects and underlying mechanisms of its characteristic sesquiterpene lactone components against ALI remain unclear.  This study aimed to evaluate the protective effects of sesquiterpene lactones from  DC. (SLEL) against lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced ALI both in vivo and in vitro. Furthermore, it sought to elucidate the underlying mechanisms by integrating network pharmacology, multi-omics approaches (transcriptomics, metabolomics, and 16S rRNA sequencing), and various molecular biology techniques.  SLEL significantly attenuated inflammatory injury in alveolar epithelial cells and alleviated pulmonary edema, hemorrhage, and inflammatory infiltration in rats, accompanied by reduced TNF-α, IL-6, and IL-1β levels and improved lung injury indices. Mechanistically, SLEL exerted dual suppression of the PI3K-Akt and MAPK-NF-κB pathways. Network pharmacology, molecular docking, and UPLC-MS analyses identified Eupalinolide A and Eupalinolide K as potential bioactive constituents, which were further validated to inhibit phosphorylation of key signaling proteins, thereby partially accounting for SLEL's pharmacological effects. Multi-omics integration further revealed that SLEL restored bile acid metabolism, reshaped gut microbial diversity, and reconstructed the microbiota-metabolite-inflammatory cytokine network, thereby maintaining gut-lung axis homeostasis and enhancing anti-inflammatory effects.  SLEL alleviates ALI through multi-component synergistic actions that suppress pro-inflammatory signaling and modulate the gut-lung axis. These findings highlight the potential of SLEL as a promising therapeutic candidate for the treatment of ALI.

Multi-Omics and Experimental Insights into the Protective Effects of Sesquiterpenoid Lactones from  DC. in Acute Lung Injury: Regulation of PI3K-Akt and MAPK-NF-κB Pathways.

Article	Year
Simultaneous Detection of Adenosine Triphosphate and Glucose Based on the Cu-Fenton Reaction. Sensors (Basel, Switzerland)\| PubMed ID: 29973531	2018
A ratiometric detection of heparin with high sensitivity based on aggregation-enhanced emission of gold nanoclusters triggered by silicon nanoparticles. Talanta\| PubMed ID: 30368295	2019
Aggregation-induced emission enhancement of gold nanoclusters triggered by silicon nanoparticles for ratiometric detection of protamine and trypsin. Analytica chimica acta\| PubMed ID: 30482296	2019
Emissions of terbium metal-organic frameworks modulated by dispersive/agglomerated gold nanoparticles for the construction of prostate-specific antigen biosensor. Analytical and bioanalytical chemistry\| PubMed ID: 31089787	2019
Multi-Omics and Experimental Insights into the Protective Effects of Sesquiterpenoid Lactones from DC. in Acute Lung Injury: Regulation of PI3K-Akt and MAPK-NF-κB Pathways. Pharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland)\| PubMed ID: 41155638	2025

Lian Xia

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