isolation-and-culture-of-mouse-primary-pancreatic-acinar-cells

Isolation and Culture of Mouse Primary Pancreatic Acinar Cells

This protocol permits rapid isolation (in less than 1 hr) of murine pancreatic acini, making it possible to maintain them in culture for more than one ...

Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Lyon

Université de Lyon

Université Lyon 1

Centre Léon Bérard

Inactivation of the Transforming Growth Factor Beta (TGFbeta) tumor suppressor pathway contributes to the progression of Pancreatic Ductal AdenoCarcinoma (PDAC) since it is inactivated in virtually all cases of this malignancy. Genetic lesions inactivating this pathway contribute to pancreatic tumor progression in mouse models. Transcriptional Intermediary Factor 1 gamma (TIF1gamma) has recently been proposed to be involved in TGFbeta signaling, functioning as either a positive or negative regulator of the pathway. Here, we addressed the role of TIF1gamma in pancreatic carcinogenesis. Using conditional Tif1gamma knockout mice (Tif1gamma(lox/lox)), we selectively abrogated Tif1gamma expression in the pancreas of Pdx1-Cre;Tif1gamma(lox/lox) mice. We also generated Pdx1-Cre;LSL-Kras(G12D);Tif1gamma(lox/lox) mice to address the effect of Tif1gamma loss-of-function in precancerous lesions induced by oncogenic Kras(G12D). Finally, we analyzed TIF1gamma expression in human pancreatic tumors. In our mouse model, we showed that Tif1gamma was dispensable for normal pancreatic development but cooperated with Kras activation to induce pancreatic tumors reminiscent of human Intraductal Papillary Mucinous Neoplasms (IPMNs). Interestingly, these cystic lesions resemble those observed in Pdx1-Cre;LSL-Kras(G12D);Smad4(lox/lox) mice described by others. However, distinctive characteristics, such as the systematic presence of endocrine pseudo-islets within the papillary projections, suggest that SMAD4 and TIF1gamma don't have strictly redundant functions. Finally, we report that TIF1gamma expression is markedly down-regulated in human pancreatic tumors by quantitative RT-PCR and immunohistochemistry supporting the relevance of these findings to human malignancy. This study suggests that TIF1gamma is critical for tumor suppression in the pancreas, brings new insight into the genetics of pancreatic cancer, and constitutes a promising model to decipher the respective roles of SMAD4 and TIF1gamma in the multifaceted functions of TGFbeta in carcinogenesis and development.

Inactivation of TIF1gamma cooperates with Kras to induce cystic tumors of the pancreas.

We have previously generated a transgenic mouse strain (LSL-TÎ²RI(CA)) containing a Cre-inducible constitutively active TGFÎ² type I receptor (Bartholin et al., 2008, Genesis 46: 724-731). Transgene expression depends on the excision of a floxed-transcriptional STOP (LSL, Lox-STOP-Lox) located upstream the TÎ²RI(CA) coding sequence. To evaluate the correct excision of the STOP signal in the presence of Cre-recombinase, we developed a rapid screening based on an original PCR genotyping strategy. More precisely, we designed a set of primers flanking the LSL containing region. The size of the amplified products will differ according to recombination status of the LSL-TÎ²RI(CA) allele. Indeed, the size of the STOP containing PCR product is 1.93 kb, but is reduced to 0.35 kb when the STOP signal is removed after Cre-mediated recombination. We validated excision in several compartments, including pancreas, liver, T lymphocytes, and embryos using different Cre expressing transgenic mouse strains. This represents a simple and efficient way of monitoring the tissue specific recombination of the LSL-TÎ²RI(CA) allele.

A rapid strategy to detect the recombined allele in LSL-TÎ²RICA transgenic mice.

Transcriptional intermediary factor 1Î³ (TIF1Î³; alias, TRIM33/RFG7/PTC7/ectodermin) belongs to an evolutionarily conserved family of nuclear factors that have been implicated in stem cell pluripotency, embryonic development, and tumor suppression. TIF1Î³ expression is markedly down-regulated in human pancreatic tumors, and Pdx1-driven Tif1Î³ inactivation cooperates with the Kras(G12D) oncogene in the mouse pancreas to induce intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasms. In this study, we report that aged Pdx1-Cre; LSL-Kras(G12D); Tif1Î³(lox/lox) mice develop pancreatic ductal adenocarcinomas (PDACs), an aggressive and always fatal neoplasm, demonstrating a Tif1Î³ tumor-suppressive function in the development of pancreatic carcinogenesis. Deletion of SMAD4/DPC4 (deleted in pancreatic carcinoma locus 4) occurs in approximately 50% of human cases of PDAC. We, therefore, assessed the genetic relationship between Tif1Î³ and Smad4 signaling in pancreatic tumors and found that Pdx1-Cre; LSL-Kras(G12D); Smad4(lox/lox); Tif1Î³(lox/lox) (alias, KSSTT) mutant mice exhibit accelerated tumor progression. Consequently, Tif1Î³ tumor-suppressor effects during progression from a premalignant to a malignant state in our mouse model of pancreatic cancer are independent of Smad4. These findings establish, for the first time to our knowledge, that Tif1Î³ and Smad4 both regulate an intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasm-to-PDAC sequence through distinct tumor-suppressor programs.

Tif1Î³ suppresses murine pancreatic tumoral transformation by a Smad4-independent pathway.

NUPR1 (nuclear protein 1), also called P8 (molecular mass 8 kDa) or COM1 (candidate of metastasis 1), is involved in the stress response and in cancer progression. In the present study, we investigated whether human NUPR1 expression was regulated by TGFÎ² (transforming growth factor Î²), a secreted polypeptide largely involved in tumorigenesis. We demonstrate that the expression of NUPR1 was activated by TGFÎ² at the transcriptional level. We show that this activation is mediated by the SMAD proteins, which are transcription factors specifically involved in the signalling of TGFÎ² superfamily members. NUPR1 promoter analysis reveals the presence of a functional TGFÎ²-response element binding the SMAD proteins located in the genomic DNA region corresponding to the 5'-UTR (5'-untranslated region). Altogether, the molecular results of the present study, which demonstrate the existence of a TGFÎ²/SMAD/NUPR1 activation cascade, open the way to consider and investigate further a new mechanism enabling TGFÎ² to promote tumorigenesis by inducing stress resistance.

The human NUPR1/P8 gene is transcriptionally activated by transforming growth factor Î² via the SMAD signalling pathway.

Pdx1-Cre; LSL-KRAS(G12D) mice develop premalignant pancreatic ductal lesions that can possibly progress spontaneously to pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC). Although Pdx1-Cre is expressed in the embryonic endoderm, which gives rise to all pancreatic lineages, the possible consequences of KRAS(G12D) expression in the endocrine compartment have never been finely explored.

Article	Year
Inactivation of TIF1gamma cooperates with Kras to induce cystic tumors of the pancreas. PLoS genetics\| PubMed ID: 19629168	2009
A rapid strategy to detect the recombined allele in LSL-TÎ²RICA transgenic mice. Genesis (New York, N.Y. : 2000)\| PubMed ID: 20645310	2010
Tif1Î³ suppresses murine pancreatic tumoral transformation by a Smad4-independent pathway. The American journal of pathology\| PubMed ID: 22469842	2012
The human NUPR1/P8 gene is transcriptionally activated by transforming growth factor Î² via the SMAD signalling pathway. The Biochemical journal\| PubMed ID: 22738338	2012
The conditional expression of KRAS G12D in mouse pancreas induces disorganization of endocrine islets prior the onset of ductal pre-cancerous lesions. Pancreatology : official journal of the International Association of Pancreatology (IAP) ... [et al.]\| PubMed ID: 23719586	2013

David F. Vincent

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