self-reporting-scaffolds-for-3-dimensional-cell-culture

Self-reporting Scaffolds for 3-Dimensional Cell Culture

Culturing cells in 3D on appropriate scaffolds is thought to better mimic the in vivo microenvironment and increase cell-cell interactions. The resulting ...

University of Nottingham

In recent years there has been a growing trend towards community-based post-acute rehabilitation for individuals with traumatic brain injury (TBI), as opposed to the traditional centre-based model, based on the premise that these individuals will learn more effectively in settings where they usually have to perform. In the present study, outcomes at two years post-injury in 77 individuals with TBI, treated within the community were compared on measures of activities of daily living (ADL), vocational status, and emotional adjustment with those of 77 TBI patients individually matched for gender, age, education, occupation, post-traumatic amnesia (PTA) duration, Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) score and time in inpatient rehabilitation, who had attended the hospital for outpatient therapy. There were no significant differences between groups in terms of employment outcomes or independence in personal or domestic ADL. However those treated in the community were less likely to be independent in shopping and financial management and reported more changes in communication and social behaviour. Due to constraints of time and resources, these patients had received fewer one-on-one therapy sessions and thus treatment costs were somewhat lower. Attendant care costs were also lower in the community treatment group. Strengths and weaknesses of community-based post-acute rehabilitation are discussed.

Evaluation of a community-based model of rehabilitation following traumatic brain injury.

D&#xE9;velopper des mod&#xE8;les biologiquement pertinentes de tissus et d&#x26;#39;organes humains est une &#xE9;tape importante permettant &#xE0; la mod&#xE9;lisation des maladies et la d&#xE9;couverte de m&#xE9;dicaments. Les progr&#xE8;s r&#xE9;cents en ing&#xE9;nierie tissulaire, les biomat&#xE9;riaux et la microfluidique ont conduit au d&#xE9;veloppement de micro-&#xE9;chelle des unit&#xE9;s fonctionnelles de ces mod&#xE8;les aussi appel&#xE9; des organes sur une puce &#xBB;. Dans cette revue, nous pr&#xE9;sentons un aper&#xE7;u des technologies habilitantes cl&#xE9;s et mettre en valeur la richesse des travaux r&#xE9;cents concernant les mod&#xE8;les de tissus sur puce. En outre, nous discuterons des d&#xE9;fis actuels et les orientations futures de l&#x26;#39;organe-sur-puce de d&#xE9;veloppement.

Les tissus biomim&#xE9;tiques sur une puce pour la d&#xE9;couverte du m&#xE9;dicament

Entwicklung biologisch relevanten Modelle menschlicher Gewebe und Organe ist ein wichtiger aktivieren Schritt f&uuml;r Krankheit-Modellierung und Droge-Entdeckung. Recent Advances in Tissue-Engineering, Biomaterialien und Mikrofluidik f&uuml;hrten zu die Entwicklung von Microscale Funktionseinheiten solcher Modelle, die auch als &#39;Organe auf einem Chip&#39; bezeichnet. In diesem Bericht wir bieten einen &Uuml;berblick &uuml;ber Schl&uuml;ssel Basistechnologien und markieren Sie den Reichtum der j&uuml;ngsten Arbeiten &uuml;ber on-Chip-Gewebe-Modelle. Dar&uuml;ber hinaus besprechen wir die aktuellen Herausforderungen und Zukunftsperspektiven der Orgel-on-Chip-Entwicklung.

Biomimetische Gewebe auf einem Chip f&uuml;r Drogeentdeckung.

Sviluppo biologicamente rilevanti modelli di organi e tessuti umani &egrave; un passo importante che consentono per la scoperta di droga e modellazione di malattia. Recenti progressi in ingegneria tissutale e biomateriali microfluidics hanno portato allo sviluppo di Microscala unit&agrave; funzionali di tali modelli, noto anche come &#39;organi su un chip&#39;. In questa recensione, ci forniscono una panoramica delle tecnologie abilitanti fondamentali ed evidenziare la ricchezza dei lavori pi&ugrave; recenti per quanto riguarda i modelli di tessuto on-chip. Inoltre, noi discutere le sfide attuali e future direzioni di sviluppo organo-on-chip.

Biomimetic tessuti su un chip per la scoperta della droga.

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Developing biologically relevant models of human tissues and organs is an important enabling step for disease modeling and drug discovery. Recent advances in tissue engineering, biomaterials and microfluidics have led to the development of microscale functional units of such models also referred to as 'organs on a chip'. In this review, we provide an overview of key enabling technologies and highlight the wealth of recent work regarding on-chip tissue models. In addition, we discuss the current challenges and future directions of organ-on-chip development.

Biomimetic tissues on a chip for drug discovery.

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Desarrollo de modelos biol&#xF3;gicamente relevantes de los tejidos y &#xF3;rganos humanos es un paso importante que permite la modelizaci&#xF3;n de la enfermedad y el descubrimiento de f&#xE1;rmacos. Los recientes avances en ingenier&#xED;a de tejidos, los biomateriales y microflu&#xED;dica han conducido al desarrollo de microescala unidades funcionales de estos modelos tambi&#xE9;n se conoce como los &#xF3;rganos en un chip &#x26;quot;. En esta revisi&#xF3;n, se ofrecer&#xE1; una visi&#xF3;n general de las tecnolog&#xED;as facilitadoras esenciales y poner de relieve la riqueza de los trabajos recientes sobre el chip modelos de tejidos. Adem&#xE1;s, se discuten los retos actuales y las futuras orientaciones de los &#xF3;rganos en un chip de desarrollo.

Los tejidos biomim&#xE9;ticos en un chip para el Descubrimiento de Medicamentos

Allergens are initiators of both innate and adaptive immune responses. They are recognised at the site of entry by epithelial and dendritic cells (DCs), both of which activate innate inflammatory circuits that can collectively induce Th2 immune responses. In an attempt to have a better understanding of the role of carbohydrates in the recognition and uptake of allergens by the innate immune system, we defined common glycosylation patterns in major allergens. This was done using labelled lectins and showed that allergens like Der p 1 (Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus group 1), Fel d 1 (Felis domisticus), Ara h 1 (Arachis hypogaea), Der p 2 (Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus group 2), Bla g 2 (Blattella germanica) and Can f 1 (Canis familiaris) are glycosylated and that the main dominant sugars on these allergens are 1-2, 1-3 and 1-6 mannose. These observations are in line with recent reports implicating the mannose receptor (MR) in allergen recognition and uptake by DCs and suggesting a major link between glycosylation and allergen recognition. We then looked at TSLP (Thymic Stromal Lymphopoietin) cytokine secretion by lung epithelia upon encountering natural Der p 1 allergen. TSLP is suggested to drive DC maturation in support of allergic hypersensitivity reactions. Our data showed an increase in TSLP secretion by lung epithelia upon stimulation with natural Der p 1 which was carbohydrate dependent. The deglycosylated preparation of Der p 1 exhibited minimal uptake by DCs compared to the natural and hyperglycosylated recombinant counterparts, with the latter being taken up more readily than the other preparations. Collectively, our data indicate that carbohydrate moieties on allergens play a vital role in their recognition by innate immune cells, implicating them in downstream deleterious Th2 cell activation and IgE production.

Article	Year
Evaluation of a community-based model of rehabilitation following traumatic brain injury. Neuropsychological rehabilitation\| PubMed ID: 16835154	2006
Biomimetic tissues on a chip for drug discovery. Drug discovery today\| PubMed ID: 22094245	2012
The glycosylation pattern of common allergens: the recognition and uptake of Der p 1 by epithelial and dendritic cells is carbohydrate dependent. PloS one\| PubMed ID: 22479478	2012

Helen Harrington

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