semiconductor-sequencing-for-preimplantation-genetic-testing-for

Semiconductor Sequencing for Preimplantation Genetic Testing for Aneuploidy

Chromosomal aneuploidy, one of the main causes leading to embryonic development arrest, implantation failure, or pregnancy loss, has been well documented ...

The Chinese University of Hong Kong

Male sterility in plants has been strongly linked to mitochondrial dysfunction. Chemical hybridization agent (CHA)-induced male sterility is an important tool in crop heterosis. Therefore, it is important to better understand the relationship between mitochondria and CHA-induced male sterility in wheat. This study reports on the impairment of mitochondrial function duo to CHA-SQ-1, which occurs by decreasing cytochrome oxidase and adenosine triphosphate synthase protein levels and theirs activities, respiratory rate, and in turn results in the inhibition of the mitochondrial electron transport chain (ETC), excessive production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and disruption of the alternative oxidase pathway. Subsequently, excessive ROS combined with MnSOD defects results in damage to the mitochondrial membrane, followed by ROS release into the cytoplasm. The microspores underwent severe oxidative stress during pollen development. Furthermore, chronic oxidative stress, together with the overexpression of type II metacaspase, triggered premature tapetal apoptosis, which resulted in pollen abortion. Accordingly, we propose a metabolic pathway for mitochondrial-mediated male sterility in wheat, which provides information on the molecular events underlying CHA-SQ-1-induced abortion of anthers and may serve as an additional guide to the practical application of hybrid breeding.

Mitochondrial Dysfunction Causes Oxidative Stress and Tapetal Apoptosis in Chemical Hybridization Reagent-Induced Male Sterility in Wheat.

The family with sequence similarity 175 member A gene (FAM175A; also known as ABRAXAS1, CCDC98 and ABRA1), a member of the DNA repair family, contributes to the BRCA1 (BRCA1 DNA repair associated)-dependent DNA damage response and is associated with age at natural menopause. However, it remains poorly understood whether sequence variants in FAM175A are causative for premature ovarian insufficiency (POI). The aim of this study was to investigate whether mutations in the gene FAM175A were present in patients with POI.

Mutational analysis of theFAM175A gene in patients with premature ovarian insufficiency.

Premature ovarian insufficiency (POI) is characterized by amenorrhea and elevated levels of follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH, usually > 25 IU/L) before 40 years of age. To identify the relationship between FSHR mutations and sporadic POI patients of Han Chinese descent, we performed Sanger sequencing of FSHR gene in 192 sporadic POI patients and 192 matched controls of Han Chinese descent. Two heterozygous missense variants, c.793A > G (p.M265V) and c.1789C > A (p.L597I), were identified exclusively in POI patients. Functional studies showed that both mutants were expressed on the cell surface, while p.L597I showed decreased membrane localization compared with wild-type FSHR. Moreover, FSH-induced cAMP production and ERK1/2 phosphorylation were reduced in the cells transfected with p.L597I mutant, but not in the cells transfected with p.M265V mutant. In addition, two single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), rs1394205 (c.-29G > A) and rs140106399 (c.*111 T > C), were identified in both POI group and control group with significantly different genotypic and allelic distributions. These results indicated that dysfunctional FSHR due to mutation or SNPs might explain a fraction of sporadic POI cases in Han Chinese population.

Article	Year
Mitochondrial Dysfunction Causes Oxidative Stress and Tapetal Apoptosis in Chemical Hybridization Reagent-Induced Male Sterility in Wheat. Frontiers in plant science\| PubMed ID: 29367855	2017
Mutational analysis of theFAM175A gene in patients with premature ovarian insufficiency. Reproductive biomedicine online\| PubMed ID: 31000350	2019
Novel FSHR mutations in Han Chinese women with sporadic premature ovarian insufficiency. Molecular and cellular endocrinology\| PubMed ID: 31077743	2019

Yingxin Zhang

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