Name: social psychology experiments and human behavior
Uploaded: 2023-04-30T07:01:55.000Z
Duration: 4 min 56 s
Channel: JoVE

K12 Standards

Florida Department of Education

High School

Nature of Science

SC.912.N.4

SC.912.N.4.1

Perspectives on Social Psychology

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社会心理学这一领域触及了我们人类本性的核心，即人类是社会性动物。我们研究社会情境如何影响我们的行为、思想和行动，并通过多种视角开展研究。我们的研究范围涵盖从实验室中的真实人际互动，到成千上万甚至数十万人同时在线互动的行为，这使我们得以深入理解人们为何会参与他们所从事的各类活动。&#160;
学习社会心理学的学生通常非常喜爱这门课程。他们尤其喜欢看到科学方法被应用于主导他们自身生活的重要问题上。挑战在于理解科学方法与分析过程的复杂性。这些视频的作用之一，就是让全国乃至全球课堂上的学生更清楚地理解这些内容。另一个挑战在于，我们研究的对象正是我们自己，而人类会对实验情境产生反应。这一事实使得社会心理学成为最困难的科学领域之一。&#160;
这一系列视频是克服上述教学挑战的有力工具。首先，它使你在教科书中所学内容背后的研究方法变得透明化，使你能够清楚地看到研究人员是如何操控社会情境以引发特定行为的。其次，它也为未来希望开展类似研究的研究人员提供了清晰的参考。因此，无论你是初次接触该领域的学生或研究者，还是已在该领域深耕多年的学者，这套视频合集都是一项极为重要的资源，不仅对学生，也对希望深入了解研究过程和科学实践方式的研究人员具有重要意义。&#160;
社会心理学领域持续关注着当今人类面临的若干最重要问题。从如何与我们所爱的人维持积极关系，到缓解两个强大国家之间难以调和的群体冲突，甚至最终减少我们身边的问题，如偏见、刻板印象和歧视。该领域正在以多种方式不断发展。我们正在使用比以往更复杂、更强大的研究方法，包括心理生理学和神经科学的工具，以及遗传学等领域的技术，最终还引入了大数据技术，例如实时分析数十万人的社交媒体行为。&#160;
我常被问及社会心理学背后科学研究的严谨性：我们能在多大程度上信任这些重要议题的研究发现和文献？我对社会心理学领域实际上抱有极大的乐观态度。社会心理学家不仅走在改进自身科学实践的前沿，也在推动其他领域的科研方法进步。我们对人类社会行为、自身的认知偏差与谬误有着深刻的理解，并且我们已拥有纠正这些问题的技术手段。&#160;
目前已有若干重要进展。其中之一显然是我们的方法论工具箱。我们拥有的研究人类社会性行为的方法比以往任何时候都更多。另一项重大进展是我们利用技术改进并共享科学成果的能力。这正是我非常兴奋能参与本系列 JoVE 视频的原因之一：我们正在使用前沿技术拍摄并分享你在课堂或新闻报道中所看到的 headlines 背后的科学研究。我们现在可以将一段视频上传至网站，并立即推送给数千名关注者，使公众得以深入了解研究是如何开展的。&#160;
社会心理学的未来比以往任何时候都更加光明。如今，我们已具备能力分析每天登录社交媒体并参与线上社会互动的数十亿人的行为。我们从未拥有过如此庞大的数据资源，而这些数据不仅能帮助我们理解人们为何会参与特定的社会行为，还能帮助我们设计更有效的干预措施，以提升人们的生活质量并促进人类整体福祉。
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社会心理学的视角

社会心理学是一门复杂的学科——它研究社会环境如何影响人们的行为、思想和态度。通过探讨与个体之间互动相关的问题，包括近距离、远距离甚至互联网上的互动，社会心理学将科学方法引入我们的日常生活中。例如，关于排斥的视频详细介绍了一种无需直接面对面接触即可诱发被排斥感的实验方法。
这些视频旨在展示人类广泛的反应特性，这也使得实验过程更加复杂。通过向学生和科研人员直观展示经典实验背后复杂的研究方法，本合集加深了他们对研究人员如何操控情境以引发某些行为的理解——其中一些行为甚至是我们自身都未曾意识到的。例如，“内隐联想测试”视频探讨了如何测量人们对敏感话题（如种族偏见）的无意识态度。
本社会心理学专题合集为该学科提供了完美的入门介绍，并深入探讨了未来的发展方向，例如与神经科学的融合以及通过社交媒体平台收集的大数据应用。

社会心理学是一门复杂的学科——它研究社会情境如何影响人们的行为、思想和态度。它将……

社会心理学领域深入探讨了人类本质的核心，即人类是社会性动物。我们研究社会环境如何影响我们的行为、思想和行动，并通过多种视角开展研究。我们的研究范围涵盖从实验室中的真实人际互动，到成千上万甚至数十万人同时在线互动的行为，这使我们能够深入了解人们为何会参与他们所从事的各种活动。学习社会心理学的学生通常都非常喜欢这门课程。他们尤其喜欢看到科学方法被应用于主导自己日常生活的重要问题中。难点在于理解科学方法和分析的复杂性。而这些视频的作用之一，就是让全国各地乃至全球课堂上的学生更清楚地理解这些内容。最后一个挑战在于，我们研究的是人类自身，而人类会对实验情境产生反应。这一事实使得社会心理学成为最难的科学领域之一。这一系列视频是克服上述教学挑战的强有力工具。首先，它使教科书课程背后的研究方法变得极为透明，使您能够清楚地看到研究人员如何操控社会情境以诱发特定行为。其次，它为未来希望开展类似研究的科研人员提供了清晰的参考。因此，无论是初次进入该领域的学生或研究人员，还是已在该领域工作多年的学者，这一系列视频都是一项极为重要的资源，不仅有助于学生学习，也有助于科研人员更深入地理解相关研究与科学工作的具体实施过程。社会心理学领域持续探讨着当今人类面临的最重要问题。从如何维系与所爱之人的积极关系，到缓解两个强大国家之间根深蒂固的群体间冲突，甚至最终减少我们身边近在咫尺的现象，例如偏见、刻板印象和歧视。该领域实际上正在以多种方式不断发展。我们正在使用比以往更复杂且更强大的方法，包括来自心理生理学和神经科学的工具，以及遗传学等领域的技术，最终还纳入了大数据技术，例如实时分析数十万人的社交媒体行为。有人常问我关于社会心理学背后科学研究的严谨性问题：我们能在多大程度上信任这些重要议题的研究发现和文献？事实上，我对社会心理学这一领域持非常乐观的态度。社会心理学家实际上走在提升自身科学水平以及其他领域科研实践的前沿。我们对人类社会行为、自身的认知偏差与谬误有着深入的理解，并且我们已经掌握了纠正这些问题的技术手段。目前有许多重要的进展。其中之一显然是我们的方法论工具箱。如今，我们拥有比以往更多的方法来理解人类这一社会性生物。另一个重大进展是我们利用技术来改进和分享科学的能力。这正是我对参与 JoVE 视频系列感到非常兴奋的原因之一，因为我们正在使用前沿技术来拍摄并分享你在课堂或新闻中所读到的那些热点新闻背后的大量科学研究。我们现在可以将视频发布到网站上，并立即通过推文发送给数千名关注者，让公众深入了解这些研究是如何开展的。社会心理学的未来比以往任何时候都更加光明。如今，我们有能力每天分析数十亿人登录社交媒体并参与线上社交互动的行为。我们从未拥有过如此丰富的数据资源，这些数据不仅有助于我们理解人们为何会表现出特定的社会行为，还能帮助我们设计出更有效的干预措施，以提升人们的生活质量并促进人类福祉。

Education

教育

JoVE Science Education

Psychology

心理学

Social Psychology

社会心理学

social psychology experiments and human behavior

Social psychology examines how social situations shape people’s actions, thoughts, and attitudes. It uses the scientific method to study everyday interactions between people who may be near each other, far apart, or even online. This makes the field especially useful for understanding behavior in modern life.

Some social psychology studies focus on ostracism, or social exclusion. The ostracism video shows a way to make people feel left out without any direct face-to-face contact. These kinds of experiments help researchers see how people react to exclusion in controlled settings.

The collection also shows why social psychology experiments can be difficult to run. Human responses can change in many ways, which makes the research process more complicated. By showing the methods behind classic experiments, the videos give students and scientists a clear view of how researchers change social context to bring out certain behaviors, including ones people may not notice in themselves.

One example is the Implicit Association Test, or IAT. This test measures unconscious attitudes, such as racial prejudice, for sensitive topics. The collection provides a strong starting point for learning social psychology and points toward future work that may connect the field with neuroscience and big data from social media.

Social Psychology Experiments and Human Behavior

social-psychology-experiments-and-human-behavior

analyzing situations in helping behavior

Situational Forces in Helping Decisions

Helping behavior is shaped by social situations as well as by personality. Social psychologists and personality psychologists both try to predict human behavior, but they focus on different causes. Personality psychology looks at traits, character, and individual differences. Social psychology looks at the power of the situation.

using fmri to dissect moral judgment

fMRI and the Trolley Dilemma in Moral Choice

fMRI can be used to study how people make moral choices in the trolley dilemma and the footbridge dilemma. These two classic thought experiments help researchers compare the roles of reason and emotion in moral judgment. In the trolley dilemma, most people say it is appropriate to pull a switch to stop a train from hitting five people, even though the switch sends the train toward one person. In the footbridge dilemma, most people say it is inappropriate to push a large man off a bridge so his...

perspectives on social psychology

Social psychology examines how social situations shape people’s actions, thoughts, and attitudes. It uses the scientific method to study everyday interactions between people who may be near each other, far apart, or even online. This makes the field especially useful for understanding behavior in modern life. Some social psychology studies focus on ostracism, or social exclusion. The ostracism video shows a way to make people feel left out without any direct face-to-face contact. These kinds...

evaluating the accuracy of snap judgments

evaluating-the-accuracy-of-snap-judgments

How Fast Social Impressions Can Be Accurate

Social impressions can form quickly and still be accurate. Social psychologists study how people judge others, including how students evaluate their teachers from limited information. This topic also looks at why quick judgments can be useful in everyday life. Much research on person perception has focused on judgment errors. These errors include giving too much weight to central traits such as “warm” and “cold,” ignoring the situation in which behavior happens, and making judgments that fit...

a minority of one: conformity to group norms

a-minority-of-one-conformity-to-group-norms

Testing How Group Norms Shape Perception

Conformity is the tendency to match attitudes, behaviors, or beliefs to group norms. Psychologists in the early to mid 1900s studied how strong social influence can be on thought and behavior. This work was influenced in part by efforts to explain the behavior of Nazi soldiers in World War II. At the time, behaviorist psychology explained conformity as a kind of reinforcement learning. In that view, it can feel rewarding to follow the group. Gestalt psychologists argued for a different idea.

misattribution of arousal and cognitive dissonance

misattribution-of-arousal-and-cognitive-dissonance

Arousal Can Shape Emotions and Decisions

Psychological arousal can shape how people interpret their feelings, emotions, and choices. When arousal feels vague and has no clear cause, people may explain it using the situation around them. Research by Stanley Schachter and Jerome Singer helped show that this kind of misreading can change behavior. One classic study used a drug cover story to test this idea. Participants were told they were getting a vision drug called Suproxin, but they actually received epinephrine, which increases...

marginal dishonesty: the adding-to-10 task

marginal-dishonesty-the-adding-to-10-task

Self-Concept and Cheating in the Adding-to-10 Task

The Adding-to-10 Task is a social psychology method for studying cheating and self-concept maintenance. It examines how people may balance the wish to gain something with the need to see themselves as honest. The task is often used to explore marginal dishonesty, also called the “fudge factor.” Classical economic theory says people are rational and self-interested. The transcript explains that people also follow other goals. Financial motives can be outweighed by the need to keep a positive...

ostracism: effects of being ignored over the internet

ostracism-effects-of-being-ignored-over-the-internet

How Social Ostracism Affects Belonging

Social ostracism is being ignored and excluded in the presence of other people. It is a strong social experience that appears in both animals and humans. It also shows up across development, relationships, cultures, social groups, and institutions. Some researchers suggest that ostracism can help regulate social groups. In this view, removing unwanted members may support group cohesion and fitness. The feeling of being left out can also act as a warning to change behavior and try to rejoin the...

inducing emotions

Disgust, Sadness, and Money Choices

Disgust and sadness can change how people value money and objects. Psychologists and economists have found that emotions can shape behavior, including consumer choices, and these feelings do not always come from the transaction itself. Incidental emotions are emotions that are unrelated to the decision at hand, yet they can still affect buyers and sellers. Earlier research often focused on broad mood differences, such as positive versus negative feelings. More recent work looks at specific...

persuasion: motivational factors influencing attitude change

persuasion-motivational-factors-influencing-attitude-change

Persuasion and Message Processing Routes

Persuasion depends on how people process a message and on what part of the message they pay attention to. Social psychological research has long examined how people change their attitudes toward an idea, person, or object. This question matters in politics, marketing, and public health. Early work showed that two key factors can shape persuasion: the source of the message and the content of the message. An expert source and a message with strong arguments are often more persuasive. But later...

creating the minimal group paradigm

Testing In-Group Bias With Minimal Groups

Minimal groups are a way to test in-group bias in social psychology. Participants are randomly assigned to brand-new groups. This setup helps researchers study prejudice, conflict, and discrimination while removing factors like money and past history. Because the groups are novel, any effect comes from social identity itself. The method separates the social world into “us” and “them.” Research with minimal groups has shown that people can favor their in-group over an out-group even when group...

the implicit association test

Measuring Implicit Attitudes with the IAT

The Implicit Association Test, or IAT, measures implicit attitudes. These are attitudes that people may not report openly, even when they hold them. In social psychology, attitudes are often measured by asking people to self-report their beliefs, opinions, or feelings. That approach has limits when the topic is socially sensitive, such as racial prejudice. People may feel pressure to give unprejudiced, egalitarian answers, even if they have negative associations. The IAT was developed to get...

nonconscious mimicry occurs when affiliation goals are present

nonconscious-mimicry-occurs-when-affiliation-goals-are-present

Affiliation Goals Shape Social Mimicry

Nonconscious mimicry is a common part of social behavior. It happens when a person unwittingly copies another person's actions, such as crossing their legs after someone nearby does it or matching a conversation partner's posture. This kind of social chameleon behavior can happen without intention or awareness. Mimicry is linked to rapport, which is the sense of connection or ease between two people. When rapport increases, behavioral mimicry often increases too. Psychologists have also...

effects of thinking abstractly or concretely on self-control

effects-of-thinking-abstractly-or-concretely-on-self-control

Abstract vs Concrete Thinking and Self-Control

Abstract and concrete thinking can shape self-control and delay of gratification. Self-control often means choosing a long-term reward instead of a short-term one, such as skipping a second serving of ice cream, studying instead of going to a party, or saving money instead of spending it right away. Psychologists have studied self-regulation for decades. A person's mindset and focus can influence how they judge a choice and decide what to do. One theory that explains this is Construal Level...

thinking too much impairs decision-making

thinking-too-much-impairs-decision-making

Overthinking Can Skew Tough Choices

Overthinking can skew tough choices when people try to compare attractive options by listing pros and cons. This approach aims to turn a subjective choice into a clear set of criteria. Psychology research suggests that this kind of deep self-reflection does not always lead to the best outcome. The transcript also shows similar effects in other areas. People who ruminated, or kept thinking about a bad mood, improved less than people who were simply distracted. In another study, describing the...

social psychology

这本文集的特点是用来调查社会背景如何影响人们的行为, 思想和态度, 并提供了一个透明的社会实验的观察方法。

Explore social psychology experiments, including ostracism and the Implicit Association Test, and see how social context shapes behavior, attitudes, and thought.

Social Psychology Experiments and Human Behavior | JoVE K12

Texas Essential Knowledge and Skills

Chemistry and Physics

IPC.4

IPC.4.B

Jay Van Bavel

What is Social Psychology? Why is it important for students?

What topics do students tend to struggle with?

How does this collection of videos help to overcome teaching challenges?

What are some of the key questions being addressed in this field today?

What question are you most often asked? How do you respond?

How have methods in Social Psychology advanced?

What does the future hold for Social Psychology?

Reason and Intuition

The human brain processes information for decision-making using one of two routes: an intuitive system and a rational system (Epstein, 1994; popularized ...

The Scientific Method in Nursing Process

The scientific method provides the foundation for any research. It is the most reliable and objective of all forms of gaining knowledge and guides in ...

Social Psychology is a complex field&#8212;one that investigates how social contexts affect people&#8217;s actions, thoughts, and attitudes. It brings the ...

The Scientific Method

Research is what makes the difference between facts and opinions. Facts are observable realities, and opinions are personal judgments, conclusions, or ...

Sociological Model

The Sociological Model of consumer behavior seeks to explain consumer choices by examining social factors and influences.
&#160;It assumes consumers&#39; ...

how-children-solve-problems-using-causal-reasoning

How Children Solve Problems Using Causal Reasoning

Source: Laboratories of Judith Danovitch and Nicholaus Noles&#8212;University of Louisville
Imagine a young child hears an adult say, &#8220;I want to ...

Psychology as a Science

In psychology, researchers use scientific methods to understand the mind and behavior, focusing on evidence-based research as the foundation of 
...

Explain how scientific knowledge and reasoning provide an empirically-based perspective to inform society's decision making.

Trade-offs

In a world of limited resources, every decision involves trade-offs.
It is a situation where one gives up one thing to gain another.
For consumers, ...

Opportunity Cost

Opportunity cost represents the benefit a person or business foregoes by choosing one alternative over another. It quantifies the cost of not selecting ...

Critical Thinking I

Critical thinking helps decision-making and allows nurses to recognize barriers to success and find solutions to possible issues. It helps to brainstorm ...

Weigh the merits of alternative strategies for solving a specific societal problem by comparing a number of different costs and benefits, such as human, economic, and environmental.

SC.912.N.4.2

Science and Society - As tomorrows citizens, students should be able to identify issues about which society could provide input, formulate scientifically investigable questions about those issues, construct investigations of their questions, collect and evaluate data from their investigations, and develop scientific recommendations based upon their findings.

Social Psychology Experiments and Human Behavior

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