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Biology
Mass Extinction and the Fossil Record
Description
Mass extinction is a major loss of species, and the fossil record shows how these events changed life on Earth. Fossils from different rock layers helped scientists see that life has a long history. In the early 19th century, that idea helped launch paleontology, the study of fossils and ancient life.
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Transcript
恐龙、袋狼和犀鸟椋鸟有什么共同点?答案就是今天实验课的主题:灭绝。当一个物种无法在其所处环境中生存并繁殖,也无法迁移到新的环境时,就会发生灭绝。例如,人们认为长毛猛犸象的灭绝是由于气候变化导致其栖息地乃至整个地球变得过于温暖。自地球生命出现以来,灭绝现象就一直存在。事实上,据估计,所有曾经存在过的物种中约有99%已经灭绝。
大多数物种灭绝是由于环境变化在长时间内逐渐发生的,例如我们的猛犸象。但其他因素,如与其他物种争夺资源以及无法避免被捕食,也可能导致物种灭绝。以这些鱼类为例,这两个物种共享同一栖息地,但绿色鱼类更善于躲避捕食者,因而其生存可能性更高,最终导致橙色鱼类灭绝。过度捕猎以及污染等人类活动引起的现象同样可能导致物种灭绝。
在全球范围内发生的灭绝事件...
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