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Cell Biology

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Energy and Catalysis

Entropy and Spontaneous Change

Description

Entropy helps predict whether a process will happen on its own. Entropy is a measure of randomness or disorder in a system. High entropy means high disorder and low energy. A student’s bedroom is a simple example. If no work is done, the room becomes messy over time. That messy state is highly disordered and has high entropy...

Transcript

熵(缩写为 S)是衡量无序性或随机性的热力学指标。无序程度越高的系统,其熵值越高;无序程度越低的系统,其熵值越低。

例如,一条未折叠的氨基酸链比正确折叠时具有更高的熵,因为线性链比紧密折叠的蛋白质更灵活且无序。

热力学第二定律指出,孤立系统的熵总是增加的。这意味着如果没有外界输入,一切都会变得更加无序。

孤立系统在自然界中很少出现,因此热力学通常研究整个宇宙的熵变。宇宙熵的变化包括所研究系统及其环境的熵变两部分。

宇宙熵增加的过程,即ΔS大于零的过程,会自发进行。熵减少或具有−ΔS的过程则不会自发进行,需要输入能量才能发生。

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