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Biology

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Cell Biology

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Energy and Catalysis

Enzyme Function, Cofactors, and Inhibitors

Description

Enzymes are proteins that speed up biochemical reactions without being used up. Humans have used enzymes since about 7000 BCE, when they fermented sugars to make alcohol without knowing the reaction was enzyme-catalyzed. The word enzyme was coined by Wilhelm Kuhne in 1877. It comes from the Greek words en, meaning “in” or “w...

Transcript

酶是生物催化剂,可加速反应速率而自身不被消耗。  它们通常是位于细胞质、细胞器内部以及细胞或细胞器膜中的蛋白质。

酶可在细胞内发挥作用,也可分泌到细胞外。大多数酶需要特定的温度和pH值才能达到最佳活性。

底物是特异性结合到酶活性位点的反应物,活性位点是酶上发生反应的小区域。酶的其余部分为酶提供结构,或与其他分子相互作用以促进或抑制该反应。

酶会改变其构象以结合底物,并催化底物转化为产物。  反应完成后,酶释放产物并恢复至原始构象,从而能够继续催化下一轮反应。

某些酶只有在与辅因子结合时才能发挥作用,辅因子可协助酶催化反应。维生素、金属离子或ATP等非蛋白质分子可作为多种酶的辅因子。

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