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Energy and Catalysis

How Enzymes Lower Reaction Energy

Description

Enzymes lower the energy needed for a chemical reaction to begin. That starting energy is called activation energy, or free energy of activation, and it is often written as Ea. During a reaction, bonds break and new bonds form. In glucose breakdown, for example, bonds between carbon atoms break and release energy because the...

Transcript

在化学反应中,活化能(Ea)是指基态下的底物与其高能过渡态之间的自由能差值,过渡态是一种不稳定的瞬时结构。

这些反应物必须具有足够的动能,以频繁碰撞并发生化学变化,从而形成产物。

由于反应的活化能,过渡态的能量高于反应物或产物。它可迅速失去该能量,返回到反应物,或转化为产物。

当底物与其酶结合时,活化能降低,使更多的反应物能够达到过渡态。这使得更多的分子转化为产物,从而提高酶催化反应的速率,相较于非催化反应而言。

酶可通过多种方式加快反应速率,包括通过将底物置于适当取向或提供合适的化学环境(如电荷或pH)来稳定过渡态。

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