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Biology

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Cell Biology

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Energy and Catalysis

Cellular Enthalpy and Energy Changes

Description

Cellular enthalpy describes how heat and energy change during chemical and physical processes. Enthalpy is written as H and is defined as the sum of a system’s internal energy, U, and the product of pressure and volume, PV. It is a state function, which means its value depends on the state of the system, not the path taken.<...

Transcript

内能,即E,是指系统内部所包含的能量,例如化学键中的能量以及粒子无规则运动的能量。系统与其环境之间可以相互传递能量。

系统内能的变化量 ΔE 等于传递给系统的总热量 q 与对系统所做的总功 w 之和。

在大多数生化反应中,不进行功;因此,内能的变化等同于另一种称为焓的热力学函数。

系统焓变(∆H)伴随着环境焓变的等量反向变化。

放热过程是指系统向环境释放热量,其焓变为负值。吸热过程是指系统从环境吸收热量,其焓变为正值。

活细胞是开放系统,通过放热和吸热过程与其周围环境交换物质和能量,遵循热力学第一定律。

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