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Chemistry

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Organic Chemistry

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Amines

Amines: Types and Classifications

Description

Amines are organic derivatives of ammonia. They form when one or more ammonia protons are replaced by alkyl or aryl groups. Chemists sort amines by the number of organyl groups attached to the nitrogen atom.

Primary amines have one organyl group on nitrogen. Secondary amines have two, and tertiar...

Transcript

胺是无机化合物氨的有机衍生物,其中一个或多个氢原子被烷基或芳基取代。

根据氮原子上取代基的数目,它们被分为伯胺、仲胺和叔胺。

如果氮原子与一个或多个烷基碳相连,则该胺被归类为脂肪胺。如果其中一个相连的碳属于芳基,则该胺为芳香胺。

氮原子参与构成环状结构的胺类称为杂环胺。如果该环具有芳香性,则这类胺被归类为杂环芳香胺。

氮原子还可以连接四个有机基团。这类胺带有形式正电荷,以季铵盐的形式存在。

胺类在自然界中广泛存在,并具有多种生理作用。例如,可卡因是一种从古柯叶中提取的叔胺,可作为中枢神经系统兴奋剂。