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Chemistry

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Organic Chemistry

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Amines

Why Aromatic Amines Are Less Basic

Description

Aromatic amines are less basic than aliphatic amines because the nitrogen lone pair can share electrons with the aryl ring through resonance. When the lone pair is delocalized, it is less available to accept a proton, so the amine shows weaker basicity.

Substituents on the aryl ring can change th...

Transcript

芳香胺的碱性受到孤对电子离域以及吸电子诱导效应的影响 sp2 苯环的杂化碳原子。

由于共振稳定作用,孤对电子较难被质子化。苯胺比其共轭酸(苯胺离子)更稳定,因此二者之间的能量差较大。

在脂肪胺中,由于不存在共振稳定作用,定域的孤对电子容易参与质子化,导致胺与其共轭酸之间的能量差较小。因此,脂肪胺的碱性比芳香胺更强。

取代苯胺的碱性取决于取代基的性质。

供电子基团活化苯环,从而增强芳香胺的碱性。

吸电子基团使苯环失活,显著降低芳香胺的碱性。

用芳香环取代胺中的氢原子会进一步降低芳香胺的碱性。

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