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Chemistry

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Organic Chemistry

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Amines

Making Amines from Nitriles and Amides

Description

Nitriles and amides can both be turned into amines by reduction. Nitriles are reduced to primary amines with reducing agents such as lithium aluminum hydride or by catalytic hydrogenation. In this reaction, the amino group is added with one extra carbon in the chain.

Nitriles are often made first...

Transcript

腈的还原反应生成伯胺,而酰胺的还原反应可生成伯胺、仲胺和叔胺。

腈类化合物由卤代烷通过氰根亲核试剂进攻的 SN2 反应生成。进一步使用 LiAlH4 还原或催化加氢可生成胺。

由于该反应在第一步遵循 SN2 机理,因此首选底物为伯卤代烷,反应生成伯胺。

总体反应将卤素原子替换为氨基,同时引入一个额外的碳原子。

酰胺由羧酸衍生物与氨通过缩合反应制备,可进一步还原生成胺。

酰胺还原仅在骨架中引入氨基而不增加额外碳原子,而腈基还原则引入氨基的同时延长碳链。

在酰胺还原过程中,所生成的胺类化合物的类型取决于酰胺氮原子上的烷基化程度。

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