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Amines

Diazotizing Primary Amines with Nitrous Acid

Description

Diazotizing primary amines with nitrous acid forms diazonium salts. The reaction begins with nitrous acid, a weak and unstable acid made in situ from sodium nitrite and cold, dilute hydrochloric acid. In acidic solution, nitrous acid is protonated and loses water to form the nitrosonium ion, which acts as the electrophile.

Transcript

在重氮化反应过程中,伯胺与亚硝基离子(由亚硝酸盐在酸性条件下生成)发生反应—— 原位 通过亚硝化试剂经过一系列步骤生成重氮盐。

该反应机理始于一级胺对亲电性亚硝鎓离子的亲核进攻,形成不稳定的N-亚硝胺鎓离子(生成新的N–N键),随后经去质子化生成N-亚硝胺。

N-亚硝胺随后互变异构为带有N=N的重氮羟基化合物。

接下来,–OH 基团的质子化导致失去一分子水(一种优良的离去基团),从而生成重氮离子。

伯脂肪族重氮离子极不稳定,会迅速分解并释放出分子氮(一种稳定的离去基团),生成碳正离子。

由于生成的碳正离子会经历亲核取代、消除或重排反应,从而产生多...

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