This is a free preview. For full access
Electromagnetic Induction
Superconductor Critical Temperature
Description
Superconductivity is the state in which a material has no electrical resistance and magnetic fields cannot penetrate it. A material that reaches this state is called a superconductor. The key idea in the transcript is the critical temperature, which is the temperature at which the change happens.
Show More
Transcript
超导体是一种对电子流动的阻力为零的材料,可有效传输电能且无热损失。
1911 年,Heike Kamerlingh Onnes 观察到,当水银冷却到 4.2 开尔文以下时,电阻为零。这被称为汞的临界温度,这种现象被称为超导性。
当温度升高到临界温度以上时,电阻随其线性变化。
当将均质超导材料置于外部均匀磁场中时,可以观察到超导体磁行为的另一个方面。
当温度高于临界温度时,材料内部的磁场等于外部均匀磁场。如果低于临界温度,则磁通量从材料中排出,其内部的磁场为零。这种现象称为 Meissner 效应。
材料在低于临界温度时的超导性可以通过施加最小磁场大小(称为临界磁场)来消除
。Show More