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HIGH SCHOOL

Biology

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Anatomy and Physiology

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Introduction to the Human Body

Homeostasis and Negative Feedback

Description

Homeostasis keeps the body’s internal conditions stable. The body does this by holding each physiological condition near a set point. A set point is the value around which the normal range changes, and the normal range is the small group of values that is healthiest and most stable. Human body temperature is a common example...

Transcript

稳态是机体在应对外部环境变化时维持内部条件稳定的能力。

例如,当外界温度较高时,人体的体温可能开始上升,此时身体必须作出反应以抵消这种升高。

受体、控制中心和效应器协同作用,以协调必要的生理变化来应对变量。

当体温升高时,皮肤细胞上的温度感受器会检测到温度上升,并通过神经冲动将信号传递至作为控制中心的大脑。

大脑将刺激与设定点进行比较——即该变量的生理范围。正常人体体温的设定点约为37°C。

当体温超过调定点时,大脑会向效应器——汗腺发出信号,促使汗腺分泌汗液。汗液蒸发可使身体降温。

当体温恢复到设定点时,感受器会向大脑发送反馈信号,以减少汗液分泌,从而维持内环境稳态。

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