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HIGH SCHOOL

Biology

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Anatomy and Physiology

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Introduction to the Human Body

Feedback Loops in Body Balance

Description

Negative and positive feedback help keep body conditions stable. These feedback loops control many body processes and support homeostasis, which is the maintenance of a steady internal environment.

Negative feedback reduces a change and brings a system back toward its normal state. Positive feedb...

Transcript

代谢通路或细胞信号通路等生物学功能由反馈机制调控,这些机制包括负反馈环路和正反馈环路。

正反馈是指某个过程的产物会促进其自身进一步增加,从而导致反应不断增强。

血液凝固过程是正反馈环路的一个常见实例。

血管壁的切口作为一种刺激,会触发血管及邻近的血小板释放化学信号,从而激活多种凝血因子,并吸引血小板聚集到损伤部位,启动血液凝固。血小板分泌化学信号以吸引更多血小板聚集至该部位,直至形成的血凝块完全封闭伤口。

当反应的产物减弱初始刺激时,就会发生负反馈循环。

例如,当血糖水平升高时,胰腺会释放胰岛素,从而促进肝细胞对葡萄糖的摄取,降低血糖水平。

当血糖水平恢复后,胰腺会停止胰岛素的生成。

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