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Chemical Equilibria
Ionic Strength in Salt and Acid Solutions
Description
Ionic strength describes the total electrolyte concentration in a solution. It is a quantitative measure of how many ions are present and how strongly they contribute to the solution. The concept was introduced in 1921 by Gilbert N. Lewis and Merle Randall while they were describing the activity coefficient of strong electro...
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Transcript
当盐溶于水时,阳离子和阴离子会发生解离。由于静电吸引,每个离子都会吸引带相反电荷的离子。
离子周围的这种离子氛对中心离子的电荷起到微弱的屏蔽作用。
离子氛屏蔽效应的有效性与离子强度相关,而离子强度由离子的浓度和电荷决定。
溶液的离子强度通常用 I 表示,它包含了溶液中所有离子的总浓度,且与盐的摩尔浓度成正比。
由于在计算中离子电荷是平方项,因此离子所带电荷越大,其对离子强度值的贡献就越显著。
例如,硝酸钾溶液的离子强度与其浓度相同。
然而,硫酸钾(一种2:1型电解质)和硫酸钙(一种2:2型电解质)溶液的离子强度分别为其浓度的3倍和4倍。
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