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Anatomy and Physiology

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The Endocrine System

Pituitary Lobe Structure and Hormone Links

Description

The pituitary gland is a small endocrine organ in the sphenoid bone, just under the hypothalamus. In adults, it has two main regions: the anterior lobe and the posterior lobe. During fetal development, a third region called the pars intermedia forms, but it atrophies and disappears. Some of its cells remain and are found nex...

Transcript

垂体是位于下丘脑下方蝶骨内的一种小型内分泌器官。

成人的垂体主要分为两个在解剖和功能上截然不同的区域——前叶和后叶。

前叶的两个部分——远侧部和结节部,由腺上皮组织构成,能够产生多种激素。

前叶通过垂体门脉系统与下丘脑存在血管连接。

下丘脑腹侧细胞分泌的下丘脑激素通过该门脉系统运输,调控腺垂体细胞的激素分泌。

垂体后叶也分为两部分:漏斗部——一个漏斗状的柄,以及神经部。

漏斗部允许下丘脑-垂体束中视上核和室旁核的轴突通过,从而与下丘脑保持神经连接。

该神经束将下丘脑神经分泌细胞分泌的现成激素输送至神经垂体后叶,并在其中储存直至释放。

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