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Medical-Surgical Nursing
心导管插入术 II:右心导管插入术
心导管插入术 II:右心导管插入术
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Medical-Surgical Nursing
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JoVE Core Medical-Surgical Nursing
Cardiac Catheterization II: Right Heart Catheterization

14.16: 心导管插入术 II:右心导管插入术

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01:21 min
June 12, 2025
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Please note that some of the translations on this page are AI generated. Click here for the English version.

Overview

右心导管插入术:概述

右心导管插入术是一种侵入性诊断程序,可测量右侧心肺动脉压力、计算心输出量并识别心内分流。它提供详细的血流动力学数据,这些数据对于诊断和管理各种心血管疾病(如肺动脉高压)至关重要。

通路部位

右心导管插入术的常见通路部位包括颈部区域的颈内静脉、手臂的肘前静脉和腿部的股静脉,它们是右心导管插入术的常见通路。这些静脉直接引流到右心房,促进导管顺利进入右心和肺动脉。

适应证和禁忌症

右心导管插入术的适应证包括评估肺动脉高压、评估先天性心脏病以及监测心力衰竭或休克患者的血流动力学状态。禁忌证包括活动性右侧心内膜炎、梗阻性右侧肿瘤或血栓以及严重的凝血病。

程序

用于此手术的肺动脉导管通常长 110 厘米,法式尺寸从 5F 到 8F 不等,具体取决于临床适应症和患者的解剖结构。获得知情同意后,患者仰卧在心导管实验室的手术台上。患者通常会服用镇静剂,以帮助他们在手术过程中放松并保持舒适。以无菌方式清洁和覆盖进入部位。在通路部位施用局部麻醉剂,并使用针头和导丝技术获得静脉通路。

然后将护套放入静脉中,以方便导管插入。肺动脉导管通过鞘推进,引导穿过右心房和右心室,进入肺动脉。通过透视持续监测运动,以确保准确放置并避免并发症。

导管正确定位后,从右心房、右心室和肺动脉获得并记录进一步的测量,包括压力测量和血氧饱和度,以评估右心和肺循环的功能。肺动脉压专门用于诊断肺动脉高压。此外,在右心导管插入术期间,可以进行一小块心肌组织的活检,以诊断心肌病(心肌异常)或心脏移植排斥反应的病因。

术后护理

完成必要的测量后,小心地拔出导管,并取出护套。对导管通路部位施加压力以防止出血,并用无菌绷带包扎该部位。然后监测患者的即时并发症,并在恢复区进行观察。术后护理包括监测生命体征、评估出血或感染的进入部位,并为患者提供适当的恢复指导。应指导患者注意并发症的迹象,例如通路部位疼痛、肿胀、发红,或任何异常症状,如呼吸急促或胸痛,如果出现这些症状,请立即联系他们的医疗保健提供者。

并发症

右心导管插入术的并发症可能包括心律失常(通常由导管与心内膜接触引起)和血管刺激引起的静脉痉挛。其他风险包括插入部位感染、右心穿孔以及空气无意中进入导管或压力传感器时的空气栓塞。

Transcript

右心导管插入术是一种侵入性诊断程序,可直接测量右侧心肺动脉压、计算心输出量并识别心内分流。

该手术通常可进入的主要静脉是肱静脉、颈内静脉、股静脉和肘前静脉。

这些静脉排入右心房,促进导管顺利进入右心和肺动脉。

在手术过程中,将患者仰卧、清洁并使用无菌技术覆盖通路部位。

在通路部位进行局部麻醉,然后使用针头和导丝技术获得静脉通路。将护套插入静脉以方便导管放置。

使用透视引导,将肺动脉导管推进穿过护套。

当导管移入右心房、右心室和肺动脉时,进行必要的测量,例如压力。

完成测量后,小心地拔出导管和护套,对通路部位施加压力以防止出血,并用无菌绷带包扎该部位。

Explore More Videos

右心导管插入术 侵入性诊断程序 血流动力学数据 心输出量 肺动脉高压 入路部位 颈内静脉 股静脉 适应症 禁忌症

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