方法文章

Experimental Methods to Study Human Postural Control

DOI：

10.3791/60078

⸱

2019年9月11日

 ,  , 
1Department of Biomedical Engineering, McGill University

本文内容

摘要

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This article presents an experimental/analytic framework to study human postural control. The protocol provides step-by-step procedures for performing standing experiments, measuring body kinematics and kinetics signals, and analyzing the results to provide insight into the mechanisms underlying human postural control.

摘要

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Many components of the nervous and musculoskeletal systems act in concert to achieve the stable, upright human posture. Controlled experiments accompanied by appropriate mathematical methods are needed to understand the role of the different sub-systems involved in human postural control. This article describes a protocol for performing perturbed standing experiments, acquiring experimental data, and carrying out the subsequent mathematical analysis, with the aim of understanding the role of musculoskeletal system and central control in human upright posture. The results generated by these methods are important, because they provide insight into the healthy balance control, form the basis for understanding the etiology of impaired balance in patients and the elderly, and aid in the design of interventions to improve postural control and stability. These methods can be used to study the role of somatosensory system, intrinsic stiffness of ankle joint, and visual system in postural control, and may also be extended to investigate the role of vestibular system. The methods are to be used in the case of an ankle strategy, where the body moves primarily about the ankle joint and is considered a single-link inverted pendulum.

引言

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Human postural control is realized through complex interactions between the central nervous and musculoskeletal systems1. The human body in standing is inherently unstable, subject to a variety of internal (e.g., respiration, heartbeat) and external (e.g., gravity) perturbations. Stability is achieved by a distributed controller with central, reflex, and intrinsic components (Figure 1).

Postural control is achieved by: an active controller, mediated by the central nervous system (CNS) and spinal cord, which changes muscle activation; and an intrinsic stiffness controller that resists joi....

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方案

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All experimental methods have been approved by the McGill University Research Ethics Board and subjects sign informed consents before participating.

1. Experiments

NOTE: Each experiment involves the following steps.

  1. Pre-test
    1. Prepare a definite outline of all trials to be performed and make a checklist for data collection.
    2. Provide the subject with a consent form with all the necessary information, ask them to read it thoroughly, answer any questions, and then have them sign the form.
    3. Record the subject’s weight, height, and age.
  2. Subject preparat....

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结果

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Pseudo random ternary sequence (PRTS) and TrapZ signals

Figure 2A shows a PRTS signal, which is generated by integrating a pseudo random velocity profile. For each sample time

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讨论

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Several steps are critical in performing these experiments to study human postural control. These steps are associated with the correct measurement of the signals and include: 1) Correct alignment of the shank ankle axis of rotation to that of the pedals, for the correct measurement of ankle torques. 2) Correct set-up of the range finders to ensure they work in their range and are not saturated during the experiments. 3) Measurement of EMG with good quality and minimal cross talk. 4) Application of appropriate perturbati.......

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披露

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The authors have nothing to disclose.

致谢

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This article was made possible by NPRP grant #6-463-2-189 from the Qatar National Research and MOP grant #81280 from the Canadian Institutes of Health Research.

....

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材料

本文使用的材料清单
姓名公司目录编号评论
5K 电位计Maurey112P19502测量执行器轴角度
8 通道 Bagnoli 表面肌电图放大器和电极Delsys测量踝关节肌肉的肌电图
AlienWare 笔记本电脑Dell Inc.P69F001 修订版A02VR 就绪 PC 笔记本电脑
数据采集卡National instruments4472对来自传感器的模拟信号进行采样
方向阀REXROTH4WMR10C3X如果执行器轴的角度超过±，则旁路流量;20°C
全身式安全带Jelco740保护被测物免受坠落
激光测距仪Micro-epsilon 1302-1001507307测量柄线性位移
激光测距仪Micro-epsilon 1302-2001509074测量人体线性位移
称重传感器OmegaLC302-100测量垂直反作用力
比例伺服阀MOOGD681-4718控制流向旋转执行器的液压流量
旋转执行器Rotac26R21VDEISFTFLGMTG施加机械扰动
扭矩传感器Lebow2110-5k测量踝关节扭矩
虚拟环境 运动跟踪器HTC inc.1551984681跟踪头部运动
虚拟现实耳机HTC inc.1551984681提供视觉扰动

参考文献

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  1. Horak, F. B. Postural orientation and equilibrium: what do we need to know about neural control of balance to prevent falls? Age and Ageing. 35, 7-11 (2006).
  2. Morasso, P. G., Schieppati, M. Can muscle stiffness alone stabilize upri....

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