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病例报告

失败的Latarjet手术与轨道外Hill-Sachs损伤的处理:关节镜辅助下Remplissage术与开放式Eden-Hybinette手术

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DOI:

10.3791/68382

2025年4月25日

本文内容

摘要

本文介绍了一种改良技术,用于对Latarjet手术失败且存在非滑车Hill-Sachs损伤的患者进行关节镜辅助下Remplissage术及开放式Eden-Hybinette手术。

摘要

本病例报告描述了一名49岁的前半职业柔道运动员,其自2006年首次肩关节脱位后,反复出现右侧肩关节不稳。他曾接受两次关节镜下Bankart修复术,但因锚钉位置不当而失败。2020年3月,为解决持续的肩关节不稳,患者接受了开放Latarjet手术,但在2023年1月跌倒后再次发生脱位。体格检查显示肩关节活动范围正常,肩袖肌力正常,恐惧试验阳性。X线检查显示喙突骨块断裂、螺钉移位以及明显的Hill-Sachs损伤。CT检查证实既往移植的喙突移植物已被吸收,且存在轨迹外(off-track)的Hill-Sachs损伤。患者随后接受了翻修手术,联合采用关节镜辅助下的Remplissage术与Eden-Hybinette手术。术后一年,患者报告症状明显改善。对于手术失败后反复肩关节不稳的管理具有挑战性。尽管Latarjet手术的复发率为10%,但采用远端胫骨异体移植物或Eden-Hybinette手术等翻修方案可取得良好疗效。本病例强调了联合手术策略与个体化治疗方案的重要性,尤其适用于肱骨侧骨量缺损显著的患者,以增强肩关节稳定性并降低复发风险。

引言

复发性肩关节不稳是一种棘手的临床问题,尤其多见于既往接受过外科手术干预的患者1,2,3。为此,已发展出多种软组织手术(如 Bankart 修复术、关节囊折叠术、Remplissage 术)以及骨性手术(如 Eden-Hybinette4、Trillat5、Bristow6 和 Latarjet 手术7,8,9,10)。然而,临床上仍存在 Latarjet 手术失败的报道,需采用替代性的翻修外科策略11,12。本病例研究报道一例 Latarjet 手术失败后采用关节镜辅助下 Remplissage 术联合开放 Eden-Hybinette 手术治疗的患者,旨在探讨该联合术式的手术技术细节、理论依据及临床疗效。

病例报告
一名49岁男性,曾为半职业柔道运动员,ISI评分13 10分中的5分,于2006年因楼梯跌倒导致右肩首次脱位后,出现反复性右肩关节不稳。该患者于2006年和2007年先后接受了两次关节镜下Bankart修复术,但因锚钉位置欠佳而失败。由于症状未得到解决,患者于2020年3月接受了开放性Latarjet手术。图1展示了Latarjet手术前后的X线影像。2023年1月,该患者再次从多级楼梯跌落,导致右肩关节再次脱位。

诊断、评估与治疗方案
患者返回我院门诊进行随访。体格检查显示肩关节活动范围(ROM)完整,肩袖肌力正常,无肩胛骨运动功能障碍或关节松弛迹象;所有神经血管检查均在正常范围内。恐惧试验呈阳性,凹陷征为1级。X线片显示喙突骨块断裂,腋袋周围螺钉移位,并存在巨大的Hill-Sachs损伤(HSL)(图2A、B)。计算机断层扫描(CT)成像证实既往喙突移植物已被吸收,且HSL为“轨迹外”损伤,其大小为44.5单位,大于关节盂轨迹的43.4单位(图2C、D)。由于反复出现恐惧试验阳性,患者接受了翻修手术,包括关节镜辅助下的Remplissage手术14以处理HSL,以及开放性Eden-Hybinette手术4联合自体髂骨嵴植骨,并用两枚空心螺钉固定。既往手术中松动的螺钉被取出。

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方案

本研究已获得本机构伦理委员会的批准,并已获取患者的知情同意。

  1. 在全身麻醉和斜角肌间隙神经阻滞下,将患者置于沙滩椅位,并使用臂架固定上肢。
  2. 使用11号刀片建立后方、后外侧、前方和前外侧入路(图3A)。
  3. 通过前方入路,使用4 mm、30度角的关节镜进行全面的关节镜检查,以明确Hill-Sachs损伤的位置。
  4. 使用5.5 mm刨刀清理肩峰下囊;将关节镜经前外侧入路转入,以评估Hill-Sachs损伤的关节内大小(图3B)。
  5. 清理暴露的近端肱骨骨床(图3C)。
  6. 在Hill-Sachs损伤最深处植入全缝线Y-Knot RC锚钉(图3D)。
  7. 使用鸟喙形缝线穿引器穿透冈下肌肌腱连接处,制作三个褥式缝线(图3E)。
    注意:在完成开放式Eden-Hybinette手术前,不要打结(图3F)。
  8. 对于开放式Eden-Hybinette手术,沿既往切口行三角肌胸大肌入路。
    1. 通过三角肌胸大肌间隙辨认肩胛下肌,并劈开其肌腱连接处的下三分之一部分。
    2. 纵向切开关节囊,显露前关节盂。
    3. 取出既往松动的螺钉(图4A)。
    4. 使用磨钻在前关节盂制备平整且有渗血的骨面,以便植骨。
    5. 通过一个5 cm切口,取一块3 cm × 1 cm × 1.5 cm的三皮质髂骨自体骨移植块(图4B、C)。
    6. 使用两枚4.5 mm空心螺钉固定三皮质髂骨自体骨移植块(图4D)。
    7. 在关节镜下确认移植骨与盂肱关节面齐平(图4G)。
  9. 完成开放手术后,打紧Remplissage缝线结。
  10. 将关节镜重新置入盂肱关节,确认Hill-Sachs损伤已被充分填充(图3H)。
  11. 确保三皮质髂骨移植块与前关节盂齐平(图3H)。

2. 康复

  1. 术后前 2-3 周使用吊带固定患肢。
  2. 指导患者在不引起疼痛的前提下逐步恢复日常活动。
  3. 自术后第一天起,向患者宣教居家自主康复锻炼方法,并遵循运动医学医师制定的康复方案15
  4. 术后 3 个月,在经验丰富的物理治疗师指导下恢复体育运动及力量训练。

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结果

术后一年,患者的报告结果显示出显著改善。牛津肩关节不稳评分从26分提高到54分,QuickDASH评分从63.6分下降至11.4分,WOSI评分从78.4分降至15.1分。术后一年的X线检查显示骨移植物已完全整合,无骨溶解迹象(图5A)。术后12个月进行了计算机断层扫描,以评估移植物与宿主骨之间的骨性愈合情况(图5B)。

肩关节X光对比;手术评估;骨科诊断;骨折固定。
图1:患者行Latarjet手术前后的X光片。

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讨论

Latarjet 手术失败后的决策
大量研究已证实,Latarjet 手术在治疗复发性肩关节前向不稳方面具有显著疗效16。尽管总体成功率较高,但术后仍有可能出现复发性不稳17,18,19。既往研究报道的复发率和再次手术率约为 10%20,21,22

Latarjet 手术失败的特征包括肩关节脱位或半脱位复发、喙突骨块未愈合、位置不良或吸收19,23,

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披露

作者声明无任何利益冲突。

致谢

作者衷心感谢中国台湾科技部及林口长庚纪念医院对本研究的经费支持(项目编号:MOST 111-2628-B-182A-016、NSTC112-2628-B-182A-002、CMRPG5K0092、CMRPG3M2032、CMRPG5K021、SMRPG3N0011)

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材料

本文使用的材料清单
姓名公司目录编号评论
4 mm 30°-角度的 关节镜 美国密歇根州史赛克内窥镜公司用于关节镜观察
4.5 mm 空心螺钉 Synthes,瑞士用于移植物固定
5.5 mm 剃须刀 刀片,DyonicsSmith &安德沃,马萨诸塞州用于关节镜下清创术
Y-Knot RC 全缝线锚钉 ConMed Linvatec 佛罗里达州拉戈三重负载全缝线锚钉。增加填充术的修复面积

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