Bacterial Injection
Bacterial Injection - Related Videos
03:57
Bacterial Endophthalmitis Mouse Model: A Method for Generating Bacterial Endophthalmitis via Intravitreal Injection of Bacterial Suspension into Eye of Mouse
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2025
This video describes a method for generating a mouse model that mimics bacterial endophthalmitis – an intraocular infection resulting from a bacterial invasion into the eye’s vitreous cavity – via intravitreal injection of a bacterial suspension into the eye. This mouse model helps study the disease mechanism and evaluate therapeutics for it.
09:04
Rearing and Injection of Manduca sexta Larvae to Assess Bacterial Virulence
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Cited by 10 •
2012
The method described here utilizes direct injection of entomopathogenic bacteria into the hemocoel of Manduca sexta insect larvae. M. sexta is a commercially available and well-studied insect. Thus, this method represents a simple approach to analyzing host-bacterial interactions from the perspective of one or both partners.
10:44
Modeling Intracerebral Hemorrhage in Mice: Injection of Autologous Blood or Bacterial Collagenase
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Cited by 60 •
2012
Clinically relevant animal models of intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) are needed to extend our knowledge of hemorrhagic stroke and to examine novel therapeutic strategies. In this study, we describe and evaluate two ICH models that implement unilateral injections of either autologous whole blood or bacterial collagenase into the basal ganglia (corpus striatum) of mice.
02:34
Intraperitoneal Injection of Bacterial Lipopolysaccharide in Mice to Study Systemic Immune Responses
0 Views •
2026
Source: Radulovic, K., et al. Injections of Lipopolysaccharide into Mice to Mimic Entrance of Microbial-derived Products After Intestinal Barrier Breach. J. Vis. Exp. (2018)This video demonstrates a step-by-step procedure for injecting lipopolysaccharide (LPS) into mice intraperitoneally to induce systemic inflammation.
04:21
Quantifying Bacterial Load in the Mouse Heart Following Tail Vein Injection of Listeria monocytogenes
0 Views •
2026
Source: McMullen, P. D., Freitag, N. E. Assessing Bacterial Invasion of Cardiac Cells in Culture and Heart Colonization in Infected Mice Using Listeria monocytogenes. J. Vis. Exp. (2015)This video demonstrates the injection of Listeria monocytogenes into the tail vein of a mouse to establish systemic infection. It shows bacterial circulation, organ colonization, and the quantification of bacterial load in the heart by homogenizing tissue, performing serial dilutions, and plating.
FAQs
The key mechanical feature is a continuous, contact-dependent route from bacterium to host cytoplasm. A needle-like type III secretion system spans the bacterial and host membranes, creating a conduit through which effector proteins can pass after the cells engage. This arrangement connects membrane contact with intracellular delivery, making the secretion apparatus central to the outcome.
After entering the host-cell cytoplasm, effector proteins can redirect signaling pathways, reorganize the cytoskeleton, or modify immune responses. These effects alter how the host cell communicates, maintains its internal structure, or responds to the bacterium. Examining these changes helps connect molecular delivery with the cellular behaviors that contribute to infection and host-microbe interactions.
Contact dependence links molecular delivery to a direct encounter between the bacterium and host cell. The secretion route becomes active in the context of bacterial-host engagement rather than representing a general release of molecules into the surrounding environment. This feature is important when interpreting how localized interactions produce targeted changes in host-cell signaling, structure, or immunity.
The needle-like apparatus provides the structural route needed for bacterial molecules to cross the boundary between the bacterium and its host. Its importance is not limited to transport: by connecting the two membranes, it enables effector proteins to reach the host cytoplasm, where they can influence processes that shape cellular responses to infection.
A study can follow the process from bacterial-host contact to intracellular delivery and then evaluate changes in host signaling, cytoskeletal organization, or immune responses. Connecting these stages helps distinguish the delivery event from its cellular consequences. This approach supports analysis of both the bacterial mechanism and the biological outcomes produced inside host cells.
Researchers use bacterial injection as a framework for linking bacterial secretion mechanisms with the development of infection. By examining which host processes are altered after effector delivery, they can study how bacteria manipulate cellular biology and immune responses. The resulting information contributes to broader investigations of pathogenesis and interactions between microbes and their hosts.
Understanding the secretion apparatus and its effects on host cells can inform research aimed at disrupting bacterial manipulation during infection, supporting antimicrobial strategy development. The same biological principles also motivate engineered delivery systems that introduce selected molecules into cells. In addition, the process provides experimental tools for probing cellular signaling and other intracellular activities.