During S phase, EdU is incorporated into DNA as replication proceeds, creating a chemical handle for later detection. This design links fluorescence to the DNA-synthesis event itself rather than requiring a primary antibody to recognize a thymidine analog. The assay therefore identifies cells actively engaged in replication during the labeling period.
The post-fixation reaction with a fluorescent azide marks incorporated EdU for detection. Copper-catalyzed click chemistry connects the DNA-synthesis event to a fluorescent readout that can be observed by microscopy or measured by flow cytometry. This separates labeling during replication from signal generation during the later detection step.
Compared with antibody-based thymidine analog assays, EdU labeling removes the need for antibody recognition of the incorporated analog. Detection occurs through a post-fixation reaction with a fluorescent azide, providing a direct workflow compatible with both microscopy and flow cytometry. This supports efficient visualization and quantitative analysis of labeled cells.
Researchers can compare labeled cells across experimental conditions to assess changes in DNA-synthesis activity. Applying the assay to treated and untreated biological samples helps reveal whether a developmental cue, drug, or other condition is associated with altered proliferation. Microscopy or flow cytometry then supplies the corresponding visual or quantitative readout.
Cells first encounter EdU while DNA synthesis is occurring. The biological sample is then fixed, and a fluorescent azide is added for copper-catalyzed click chemistry with the incorporated label. Finally, researchers examine the sample by microscopy or quantify labeled cells with flow cytometry, depending on the experimental goal.
Microscopy allows researchers to visualize which cells in a biological sample contain the EdU-associated fluorescent signal. Flow cytometry provides a quantitative approach for assessing labeled cells across the sample. Using either platform, or selecting between them according to the study design, connects detection of DNA synthesis with analysis of proliferation.