Head Kidney Exposure
Head Kidney Exposure - Related Videos
08:19
The Mouse Isolated Perfused Kidney Technique
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Cited by 24 •
2016
The mouse isolated perfused kidney (MIPK) is a technique for keeping a mouse kidney under ex vivo conditions perfused and functional for 1 hr. The buffers and surgical technique are described in detail.
03:36
Depigmentation and Prestaining of Zebrafish Kidney: A Technique to Prepare Adult Zebrafish Kidney for Staining
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2023
In this video, we demonstrate the depigmentation of adult zebrafish kidney and its subsequent preparation for staining procedures. Post-staining, the adult zebrafish kidney can be used for studying kidney regeneration, phenotypic characterization of renal disease models, and nephron functionality.
07:40
Dissection of the Adult Zebrafish Kidney
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Cited by 38 •
2011
The zebrafish kidney is home to both renal and hematopoietic adult stem/progenitor cells, and represents an outstanding opportunity to study these cell types and their progeny in a vertebrate model organism. Here, we demonstrate a detailed dissection procedure that enables the researcher to identify and surgically remove the adult zebrafish kidney, which can be used for applications such as cell isolation, transplantation, and expression studies of kidney and/or blood cell populations.
01:45
Kidney Structure
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2019
The kidneys are two large bean-shaped organs located in the upper abdomen. They filter the blood several times a day to remove toxins and rebalance water and electrolytes of the circulatory system via the renal veins. The kidneys receive blood directly from the heart via the renal arteries. These arteries enter the kidney at the hilum, the concave surface of the bean, where they branch and divide into smaller vessels and capillaries. The renal cortex is the thick outer layer of the kidney. It...
08:12
Normothermic Ex Vivo Kidney Perfusion for the Preservation of Kidney Grafts prior to Transplantation
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Cited by 43 •
2015
The severe organ shortage has resulted in increased use of marginal kidney grafts for transplantation. This has triggered interest in alternative storage methods, since marginal grafts especially tolerate cold storage poorly. The technique of normothermic ex vivo kidney perfusion (NEVKP) represents a novel preservation method for kidney grafts prior to transplantation.
FAQs
Substances absorbed from water or food can reach head-kidney tissue, where they may affect resident immune cells and the processes that produce blood cells. These changes can also influence gene expression and inflammatory signaling. Examining these connected responses helps researchers determine whether an exposure is associated with impaired immunity, altered hematopoiesis, or broader biological stress.
Gene expression and inflammatory signaling can reveal biological changes that may occur before obvious effects on overall fish health. Altered expression indicates that exposure has influenced cellular regulation, while disrupted inflammatory signaling can point to changes in immune coordination. Together with cellular and physiological measurements, these endpoints provide a more complete view of exposure-related effects.
The head kidney can respond to several types of environmental or experimental challenge, including chemicals, pathogens, and other agents. Each exposure may produce a different pattern across immune cells, blood-cell production, gene expression, and inflammation. Comparing these response patterns allows researchers to distinguish general biological stress from changes more closely associated with a particular exposure.
Assessment can combine cellular, molecular, and physiological measurements in head-kidney tissue and the exposed fish. Cellular observations can identify changes in resident immune cells, molecular analyses can examine gene expression or inflammatory signaling, and physiological measures can indicate effects on overall condition. Using multiple levels of measurement helps connect local tissue responses with organism-level consequences.
This model is useful when researchers need to evaluate immunotoxicity, environmental stress, disease responses, or pollutant effects on fish health. It can show how contact with an agent affects an immune and blood-forming organ rather than relying only on broad physiological observations. The resulting data support investigations of early biological impacts and disrupted host responses.
Changes in head-kidney cells, hematopoiesis, gene expression, or inflammatory signaling can provide evidence linking an environmental agent to impaired immunity or altered blood-cell production. Those biological effects may help explain reduced organismal fitness, meaning a diminished capacity to maintain health and function. This connection is important for interpreting pollutant impacts within a broader ecological context.