Cubic Holes
Cubic Holes - Related Videos
04:31
Whole-Kidney Three-Dimensional Staining with CUBIC
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Cited by 5 •
2022
The present protocol describes a tissue clearing method and whole-mount immunofluorescent staining for three-dimensional (3D) kidney imaging. This technique can offer macroscopic perspectives in kidney pathology, leading to new biological discoveries.
09:54
Imaging Serotonergic Fibers in the Mouse Spinal Cord Using the CLARITY/CUBIC Technique
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Cited by 13 •
2016
Supraspinal projections are important for pain perception and other behaviors, and serotonergic fibers are one of these fiber systems. The present study focused on the application of the combined CLARITY/CUBIC protocol to the mouse spinal cord in order to investigate the termination of these serotonergic fibers.
09:09
Preparation and Delivery of Protein Microcrystals in Lipidic Cubic Phase for Serial Femtosecond Crystallography
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Cited by 20 •
2016
We describe procedures for the preparation and delivery of membrane protein microcrystals in lipidic cubic phase for serial crystallography at X-ray free-electron lasers and synchrotron sources. These protocols can also be applied for incorporation and delivery of soluble protein microcrystals, leading to substantially reduced sample consumption compared to liquid injection.
01:10
Detection of Black Holes
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2023
Although black holes were theoretically postulated in the 1920s, they remained outside the domain of observational astronomy until the 1970s. Their closest cousins are neutron stars, which are composed almost entirely of neutrons packed against each other, making them extremely dense. A neutron star has the same mass as the Sun but its diameter is only a few kilometers. Therefore, the escape velocity from their surface is close to the speed of light. Not until the 1960s, when the first neutron...
08:09
CUBIC Protocol Visualizes Protein Expression at Single Cell Resolution in Whole Mount Skin Preparations
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Cited by 9 •
2016
This report describes a CUBIC protocol to clarify full thickness mouse skin biopsies, and visualize protein expression patterns, proliferating cells, and sebocytes at the single cell resolution in 3D. This method enables accurate assessment of skin anatomy and pathology, and of abnormal epidermal phenotypes in genetically modified mouse lines.
FAQs
The size limit is found by examining whether the inserted particle and the eight surrounding particles can maintain the required contacts. If the smaller ion is too large, the surrounding lattice cannot preserve its geometric arrangement; if it is appropriately sized, the site can be accommodated. This radius relationship helps assess whether a proposed cubic-hole occupancy is plausible.
Eightfold coordination identifies the number of neighboring particles that define the local environment around an occupied site. This information helps chemists assign the coordination of an ion, relate its position to the surrounding lattice, and evaluate whether the proposed arrangement is consistent with the geometry expected for that crystal structure.
Radius ratios connect particle sizes with structural stability. For cubic holes, the relevant ratio compares the radius of the particle entering the site with that of the surrounding lattice particles. A ratio compatible with the contact geometry supports the assigned arrangement, whereas an incompatible value suggests that the proposed structure may not remain stable.
Begin by locating the interstitial site within the lattice, then identify the surrounding particles and their arrangement. Determine which species forms the main array, assess the relative particle sizes, and establish how many sites are occupied. Finally, compare the resulting coordination and occupancy pattern with the proposed stoichiometry and crystal stability.
The number of cubic sites available and the fraction occupied provide a structural basis for interpreting an ionic solid’s composition. By comparing the ions forming the lattice with those placed in its interstitial positions, chemists can connect site occupancy to the relative numbers of particles represented in the formula.
Cubic-hole analysis is useful when interpreting ionic-solid structures and testing proposed lattice arrangements. It can help predict an ion’s coordination number, evaluate radius-ratio requirements, and judge whether a smaller ion can fit within an array formed by another species. These conclusions connect geometric models with crystal stability and chemical stoichiometry.