Ionic Cross Linking
Ionic Cross Linking - Related Videos
08:40
Photo-Induced Cross-Linking of Unmodified Proteins (PICUP) Applied to Amyloidogenic Peptides
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Cited by 91 •
2009
Photo-induced cross-linking of unmodified proteins (PICUP) allows characterization of oligomer size distribution in metastable protein mixtures. We demonstrate application of PICUP to three representative amyloidogenic peptides the 40- and 42-residue forms of amyloid β-protein, and calcitonin, and a control peptide growth-hormone releasing factor.
07:02
The Preparation and Properties of Thermo-reversibly Cross-linked Rubber Via Diels-Alder Chemistry
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Cited by 3 •
2016
A simple two-step approach involving rubber modification and cross-linking yields fully reworkable, elastic rubber products.
03:10
Ionic Radii
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2020
Ionic radius is the measure used to describe the size of an ion. A cation always has fewer electrons and the same number of protons as the parent atom; it is smaller than the atom from which it is derived. For example, the covalent radius of an aluminum atom (1s22s22p63s23p1) is 118 pm, whereas the ionic radius of an Al3+ (1s22s22p6) is 68 pm. As electrons are removed from the outer valence shell, the remaining core electrons occupying smaller shells experience a greater effective nuclear...
05:56
Scleral Cross-linking Using Riboflavin and Ultraviolet-A Radiation for Prevention of Axial Myopia in a Rabbit Model
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Cited by 27 •
2016
We demonstrate the effect of scleral crosslinking with riboflavin and UVA on an axial elongation rabbit eye. Axial elongation was induced in 13 day-old New Zealand rabbits (male and female) by suturing their right eye eyelids (tarsorrhaphy).
10:04
A Filtration-based Method of Preparing High-quality Nuclei from Cross-linked Skeletal Muscle for Chromatin Immunoprecipitation
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Cited by 2 •
2017
We present a filtration-based protocol to isolate high-quality nuclei from cross-linked mouse skeletal muscle wherein we removed the need for ultracentrifugation, making it easily applicable. We show that chromatin prepared from the nuclei is suitable for chromatin immunoprecipitation and likely chromatin immunoprecipitation sequencing studies.
FAQs
Network strength and responsiveness depend on how many charged sites are available, the solution pH, ion concentration, and solvent conditions. pH can alter the state of functional groups, while ion concentration changes electrostatic interactions. Charge density affects how extensively polymer chains can associate, so these variables provide practical control over gel or film properties.
Multivalent ions can bridge neighboring polymer chains, creating more connection points than a single charged interaction. This bridging helps build a three-dimensional network and makes ion valence an important design variable. In contrast, attraction between oppositely charged functional groups can organize charged molecules without requiring the same bridging role, guiding selection of ionic components.
Ionic networks can be reversible because their electrostatic associations respond to changes in the surrounding environment. Altering pH, ion concentration, or solvent conditions can therefore change network behavior rather than simply fixing one permanent structure. This responsiveness is important for materials designed to adjust during controlled release, separation, or sensing.
A general preparation begins by selecting a charged polymer or molecule and an oppositely charged partner or multivalent ion. The components are then brought together under chosen pH, ion concentration, and solvent conditions. As electrostatic associations develop, the material can form a gel or film. Adjusting those conditions tunes network formation and properties.
Hydrogels, coatings, membranes, and encapsulation systems are key application areas because the method can produce materials with adjustable network behavior. In controlled release, the network can support a tunable material format; in separation and sensing, environmental responsiveness provides a basis for adapting material performance. Biomedical research also uses these systems.
Within chemistry, pH and charge density serve as design variables rather than merely background conditions. Their adjustment influences how polymer chains associate, while ion concentration and solvent conditions help determine whether the resulting network remains responsive. This makes the approach useful for studying relationships between molecular interactions and macroscopic material behavior.