Physical Thermal Deposition
Physical Thermal Deposition - Related Videos
14:01
Making Record-efficiency SnS Solar Cells by Thermal Evaporation and Atomic Layer Deposition
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Cited by 30 •
2015
Tin sulfide (SnS) is a candidate material for Earth-abundant, non-toxic solar cells. Here, we demonstrate the fabrication procedure of the SnS solar cells employing atomic layer deposition, which yields 4.36% certified power conversion efficiency, and thermal evaporation which yields 3.88%.
02:33
Phase Transitions: Sublimation and Deposition
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2020
Some solids can transition directly into the gaseous state, bypassing the liquid state, via a process known as sublimation. At room temperature and standard pressure, a piece of dry ice (solid CO2) sublimes, appearing to gradually disappear without ever forming any liquid. Snow and ice sublimate at temperatures below the melting point of water, a slow process that may be accelerated by winds and the reduced atmospheric pressures at high altitudes. When solid iodine is warmed, the solid sublimes...
10:01
Thermal Scanning Conductometry (TSC) as a General Method for Studying and Controlling the Phase Behavior of Conductive Physical Gels
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Cited by 1 •
2018
The kinetics of the cooling process defines the properties of ionic gels based on low molecular weight gelators. This manuscript describes the usage of thermal scanning conductometry (TSC), which obtains full control over the gelation process, along with in situ measurements of the samples' temperature and conductivity.
08:25
Chemical Vapor Deposition of an Organic Magnet, Vanadium Tetracyanoethylene
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Cited by 15 •
2015
We present the synthesis of the organic-based ferrimagnet vanadium tetracyanoethylene (V[TCNE]x, x~2) via low temperature chemical vapor deposition (CVD). This optimized recipe yields an increase in Curie temperature from 400 K to over 600 K and a dramatic improvement in magnetic resonance properties.
07:16
Thermal Ablation for the Treatment of Abdominal Tumors
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Cited by 19 •
2011
A thermal tumor ablation procedure is described. The entire procedure is detailed, including pretreatment planning and imaging studies, anesthesia, adjuvant techniques to facilitate a percutaneous approach, imaging guidance of the ablation device to the tumor, thermal treatment, post-treatment care and follow-up.
FAQs
Temperature determines how readily the source material evaporates or sublimes, while pressure affects vapor travel through the deposition environment. Deposition time influences how much material reaches the substrate and therefore contributes to film thickness. Adjusting these variables allows researchers to control coating formation and tailor the resulting surface layer for a particular chemical or technological purpose.
Evaporation or sublimation converts the source into a vapor that can move from its original location toward the substrate. When this vapor reaches the cooler surface, it condenses and forms the solid coating. The phase change therefore provides the transport step needed to create a thin film from an elemental, metallic, or compound source material.
Reduced pressure creates the environment through which the generated vapor travels before reaching the substrate. Together with controlled heating, it supports movement of source material from the heated source to the cooler surface. Pressure is also one of the variables that affects the resulting film’s thickness and composition, making it important for controlling coating formation.
A typical sequence begins by placing the source material and substrate in a reduced-pressure environment. The source is then heated until it evaporates or sublimes. Its vapor travels through the chamber and reaches the cooler substrate, where it condenses into a solid film. Temperature, pressure, and deposition time are controlled to influence the coating produced.
The method supports preparation of metallic, elemental, and compound coatings. This range allows chemistry researchers to investigate how different deposited compositions alter a surface’s properties or reactivity. The selected source material becomes especially relevant when the coating is intended for use in sensors, optical components, electronic components, or protective applications.
In chemistry, deposited films provide surfaces for studying properties and material reactivity. Beyond laboratory investigations, the coatings can contribute to sensors, optics, electronics, and protective components. Their usefulness comes from forming a controlled solid layer whose composition and thickness respond to deposition conditions, allowing researchers to modify a substrate without describing the entire material as replaced.