Quadrupole Splitting
Quadrupole Splitting - Related Videos
10:37
The Split Brain
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2023
Source: Laboratories of Jonas T. Kaplan and Sarah I. Gimbel—University of Southern California The study of how damage to the brain affects cognitive functioning has historically been one of the most important tools for cognitive neuroscience. While the brain is one of the most well protected parts of the body, there are many events that can affect the functioning of the brain. Vascular issues, tumors, degenerative diseases, infections, blunt force traumas, and neurosurgery are just some of the...
01:23
Stock Split
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2025
A stock split is a corporate action aimed at increasing the number of a company's shares by dividing its existing shares into multiple new ones. This adjustment reduces the per-share price without altering the company's overall market capitalization, thereby making shares more affordable to investors and enhancing trading flexibility. Stock splits are often employed by companies whose stock prices have risen significantly, making their shares less accessible to retail investors. Lowering the...
06:40
From MEFs to Matrigel 2: Splitting hESCs from MEFs onto Matrigel
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Cited by 4 •
2008
This video demonstrates how to maintain the growth of human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) in feeder cell-free conditions and how to continuously passage hESCs in feeder cell-free conditions. Confirmation of hESC pluripotency grown in feeder cell-free conditions by immunofluorescence microscopy is also demonstrated. Part 2 of 3.
01:13
¹H NMR: Complex Splitting
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2024
A proton M that is coupled to a proton X results in doublet signals for M. However, NMR-active nuclei can be simultaneously coupled to more than one nonequivalent nucleus. When M is coupled to a second proton A, such as in styrene oxide, each peak in the doublet is split into another doublet. Splitting diagrams or splitting tree diagrams are routinely used to depict such complex couplings. While drawing splitting diagrams, the splitting with the larger coupling constant is usually applied first.
08:04
Using a Split-belt Treadmill to Evaluate Generalization of Human Locomotor Adaptation
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Cited by 14 •
2017
We describe a protocol for investigating human locomotor adaptation using the split-belt treadmill, which has two belts that can drive each leg at a different speed. We specifically focus on a paradigm designed to test the generalization of adapted locomotor patterns to different walking contexts (e.g., gait speeds, walking environments).
FAQs
The electric field gradient reflects how unevenly electric charge is distributed around the nucleus. Its interaction with the nuclear quadrupole moment perturbs the nuclear energy levels, and the resulting separation changes with the surrounding electron distribution. Because bonding and coordination geometry shape that distribution, the measured magnitude provides a sensitive indicator of the local chemical environment.
Coordination geometry determines how ligands and electron density are arranged around a nucleus. Different arrangements can produce different degrees of local symmetry and different electric field gradients, even when compounds contain the same element. Consequently, quadrupole splitting helps relate a spectral pattern to ligand arrangement and provides structural context that elemental composition alone cannot supply.
Chemically similar sites may differ in oxidation state, bonding environment, electron distribution, or coordination geometry. Those local differences alter the perturbation of nuclear energy levels and can produce distinguishable splitting magnitudes. Comparing the observed patterns therefore helps separate sites that appear similar from their overall composition, revealing local chemical variation within a compound or material.
The splitting pattern can provide evidence about both oxidation state and local symmetry because each influences the electronic environment around the nucleus. Oxidation-state changes affect electron distribution, while symmetry and bonding arrangement affect the electric field gradient. Interpreting these factors together allows chemists to connect spectral features with the electronic structure and coordination of a site.
In iron-containing compounds, quadrupole splitting serves as a local probe of the iron environment. Chemists examine the magnitude and pattern of the spectral separation alongside the compound’s bonding and coordination context to assess oxidation states and ligand arrangements. This makes the approach useful for distinguishing different iron sites within chemically complex materials.
Analysis of quadrupole splitting can reveal differences among local sites in minerals, including variations in oxidation state, electron distribution, and coordination geometry. These distinctions contribute to identifying mineral composition and understanding how iron is situated within the material. The method is especially valuable when bulk chemical similarity makes local structural differences difficult to recognize.
Catalytic behavior and molecular reactivity depend partly on electronic structure and the arrangement of atoms at chemically active sites. Quadrupole splitting supplies information about those local environments by reporting changes associated with electron distribution, bonding, and coordination. Researchers can therefore use the spectral interpretation to characterize catalytic materials and relate site structure to differences in chemical behavior.