Beam Hardening Correction
Beam Hardening Correction - Related Videos
10:09
Tests of Hardened Concrete in Tension
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2023
Source: Roberto Leon, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA In a previous laboratory focused on concrete in compression, we observed that concrete can withstand very large stresses under uniaxial compressive forces. However, the failures observed were not compressive failures but failures along shear planes where maximum tensile forces occur. Thus, it is important to understand the behavior of concrete in tension and particularly its maximum strength...
08:08
Compression Tests on Hardened Concrete
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2023
Source: Roberto Leon, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA There are two distinct stages in a construction project involving concrete. The first stage involves batching, transporting, and casting fresh concrete. At this stage, the material is viscous, and the workability and finishability are the key performance criteria. The second stage occurs when the hydration process begins shortly after the concrete is placed in the form, and the concrete will...
10:25
Single-Digit Nanometer Electron-Beam Lithography with an Aberration-Corrected Scanning Transmission Electron Microscope
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Cited by 4 •
2018
We use an aberration-corrected scanning transmission electron microscope to define single-digit nanometer patterns in two widely-used electron-beam resists: poly (methyl methacrylate) and hydrogen silsesquioxane. Resist patterns can be replicated in target materials of choice with single-digit nanometer fidelity using liftoff, plasma etching, and resist infiltration by organometallics.
09:30
Focused Ion Beams
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2023
Source: Sina Shahbazmohamadi and Peiman Shahbeigi-Roodposhti-Roodposhti, School of Engineering, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT As electron microscopes become more complex and widely used in research labs, it becomes more of a necessity to introduce their capabilities. Focused ion beam (FIB) is an instrument that can be employed in order to fabricate, trim, analyze and characterize materials on mico- and nano-scales in a wide variety of fields from nano-electronics to medicine. FIB...
01:15
Distance Corrections
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2025
To achieve precise distance measurements, especially in surveying and construction, certain corrections must be applied to account for potential sources of error like the standardization errors, temperature variations, and slope adjustments.Standardization error emerges when measurement equipment undergoes changes, such as wear, repairs, or weather impacts. To address this, surveyors compare the equipment’s readings to a standard. This process identifies any deviation that might lead to...
FAQs
As X-rays pass through an object, preferential removal of lower-energy photons changes the beam’s mean energy. Consequently, the measured response does not remain directly proportional to object thickness or attenuation. Correction therefore characterizes the nonlinear relationship between the original projection measurement and the material path, allowing the CT system to compensate for energy-dependent changes.
Reference measurements provide empirical information about how a known material or configuration alters the X-ray beam. Material models provide a corresponding description for correction calculations. Either approach helps characterize the nonlinear projection response before routine inspection, so the algorithm can adjust measured data in a way that reflects the behavior of the scanned material rather than treating the beam as energy-independent.
Correction may be applied to projection data before reconstruction or directly to reconstructed images, depending on the selected reconstruction algorithm and calibration strategy. Projection-based adjustment addresses the measured relationship earlier in the imaging chain, while image-based adjustment operates on the resulting volume. Both approaches are intended to reduce artifacts and improve the reliability of attenuation information.
Dense or geometrically complex components can produce stronger energy-dependent absorption and more pronounced departures from an ideal attenuation response. Without suitable correction, artifacts and inaccurate attenuation values can interfere with interpretation. Applying a calibrated correction helps engineering users evaluate internal features, dimensions, defects, and material-related contrast with greater confidence in the reconstructed information.
A typical workflow begins by obtaining reference measurements or selecting an appropriate material model. The system then characterizes the nonlinear relationship between the measured projections and the object’s attenuation behavior. Finally, a reconstruction algorithm or image-processing stage applies the correction to projection data or reconstructed images. The corrected result can then support quantitative inspection and material assessment.
In engineering, the correction supports dimensional inspection, material analysis, defect detection, and quantitative assessment of components with dense or complicated structures. Its value is greatest when artifacts could obscure internal features or distort attenuation-based interpretation. More reliable corrected data helps users judge geometry and material-related findings without relying solely on artifact-prone measurements.