Hydrothermal Conversion
Hydrothermal Conversion - Related Videos
12:55
Chemical Gardens as Flow-through Reactors Simulating Natural Hydrothermal Systems
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Cited by 30 •
2015
We describe chemical garden formation via injection experiments that allow for laboratory simulations of natural chemical garden systems that form at submarine hydrothermal vents.
07:34
Evaluation of Integrated Anaerobic Digestion and Hydrothermal Carbonization for Bioenergy Production
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Cited by 41 •
2014
A novel Upflow Anaerobic Solid State (UASS) reactor was used for biogas production from fibrous feedstock. Digestate from UASS reactor was hydrothermally carbonized into HTC biochar in a pressurized batch reactor. The integration of the two bioenergy concepts was applied in this study to increase overall bioenergy production.
02:08
Gene Conversion
0 Views •
2020
Other than maintaining genome stability via DNA repair, homologous recombination plays an important role in diversifying the genome. In fact, the recombination of sequences forms the molecular basis of genomic evolution. Random and non-random permutations of genomic sequences create a library of new amalgamated sequences. These newly formed genomes can determine the fitness and survival of cells. In bacteria, homologous and non-homologous types of recombination lead to the evolution of new...
02:08
Gene Conversion
0 Views •
2023
Other than maintaining genome stability via DNA repair, homologous recombination plays an important role in diversifying the genome. In fact, the recombination of sequences forms the molecular basis of genomic evolution. Random and non-random permutations of genomic sequences create a library of new amalgamated sequences. These newly formed genomes can determine the fitness and survival of cells. In bacteria, homologous and non-homologous types of recombination lead to the evolution of new...
10:39
Preparation of ZnO Nanorod/Graphene/ZnO Nanorod Epitaxial Double Heterostructure for Piezoelectrical Nanogenerator by Using Preheating Hydrothermal
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Cited by 4 •
2016
One-step fabrication method for obtaining freestanding epitaxial double heterostructure is presented. This approach could achieve ZnO coverage with a higher number density than that of the epitaxial single heterostructure, leading to a piezoelectric nanogenerator with an increased output electrical performance.
FAQs
The selected pathway determines the dominant product form. Hydrothermal carbonization favors hydrochar, a carbon-rich solid; hydrothermal liquefaction produces liquid biocrude; and hydrothermal gasification generates gaseous products. These routes apply related water-assisted chemistry, including hydrolysis, dehydration, and decarboxylation, but direct processing toward different fuel, chemical, carbon-management, or materials objectives.
Water functions simultaneously as the reaction medium and a chemical agent. Under subcritical or near-critical conditions, it supports transformations such as hydrolysis, dehydration, and decarboxylation in carbon-containing materials. This dual role allows wet biomass and organic waste to undergo chemical conversion without extensive preliminary drying, which is a central engineering advantage.
Temperature and pressure establish the subcritical or near-critical water environment in which the reactions proceed, while the selected conversion route shapes the resulting product class. Consequently, engineering design must match process conditions and pathway selection with the intended output, whether hydrochar, liquid biocrude, or gaseous products. These choices influence the process's usefulness for energy, chemicals, or carbon management.
A typical workflow begins by selecting a suitable wet biomass, organic waste stream, or other carbon-containing feedstock and directing it into a pressurized hot-water process. The engineering route is then chosen according to the desired solid, liquid, or gaseous product. Hydrolysis and related reactions transform the feedstock, producing an output suited to the intended application.
Its main practical advantage is the ability to process wet feedstocks without extensive drying. That feature supports the valorization of biomass and organic waste that might otherwise require a substantial preparation step before conversion. By turning these materials into fuels, chemicals, or carbon-rich solids, the process links waste handling with renewable production and carbon-management objectives.
Engineering applications include renewable fuel production, chemical manufacturing, waste valorization, and carbon management. The approach is especially relevant when a project must handle high-moisture biomass or organic waste while seeking useful products. Depending on the chosen route, development efforts can target hydrochar, liquid biocrude, or gaseous products as outputs for different sustainability strategies.