Cytokine Production Quantification
Cytokine Production Quantification - Related Videos
02:57
Assessing Antiviral Cytokine Production in Response to Viral Infection
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2026
Source: Zhang, J., et al. Dissecting Innate Immune Signaling in Viral Evasion of Cytokine Production. J. Vis. Exp. (2014)This video demonstrates the process of infecting murine fibroblast cells with herpesvirus and monitoring the resulting antiviral cytokine release and gene expression. It outlines key steps, including viral infection, media collection for cytokine quantification, and cell harvesting for gene expression analysis.
04:08
Analyzing the Effect of Tobacco Product Preparations on Cytokine Production via Intracellular Staining and Flow Cytometry
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2025
This video demonstrates the effect of tobacco product preparations, TPPs, on cytokine production from human peripheral blood mononuclear cells using flow cytometry. Treatment of the cells with TPP downregulates the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines, which is estimated after lipopolysaccharide stimulation, followed by immunostaining and flow cytometry analysis.
08:32
Dissecting Innate Immune Signaling in Viral Evasion of Cytokine Production
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Cited by 2 •
2014
We describe a protocol to measure the antiviral cytokine production in mice infected with a model herpesvirus, murine gamma herpesvirus 68 (γHV68) that is closely-related to human Kaposi’s sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (KSHV) and Epstein-Barr virus (EBV). Utilizing genetically modified mouse strains and mouse embryonic fibroblasts (MEFs), we assessed the antiviral cytokine production both in vivo and ex vivo. “Reconstituting” the expression of innate immune components in knockout embryonic...
05:00
Ex Vivo T Cell Stimulation in the Pancreatic Tumor: A Method to Increase Cytokine Production in T Cells
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2023
This article describes the technique for ex vivo T cell stimulation to increase the intracellular concentration of cytokines such as interferon-gamma or IFN-gamma and tumor necrosis factor-alpha or TNF-alpha in the T cell. These cytokines mediate an effective anti-tumor response and can have a therapeutic role in the...
12:58
Expression of Exogenous Cytokine in Patient-derived Xenografts via Injection with a Cytokine-transduced Stromal Cell Line
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Cited by 2 •
2017
Described here is a method for producing exogenous cytokine in patient-derived xenograft (PDX) mice via weekly intraperitoneal injection of a cytokine-transduced stromal cell line. This method broadens the utility of PDX and provides the option for transient or sustained exogenous cytokine delivery in a multitude of PDX models.
FAQs
Antibody-based assays convert cytokine recognition into measurable signals. In these formats, binding between an assay antibody and its target produces a signal that can be used to estimate cytokine presence or concentration. This molecular recognition is the shared measurement principle behind enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays and multiplex bead-based assays, while intracellular staining applies the same logic to identify cells expressing or producing cytokines.
Concentration measurements and cell-based measurements answer different questions. Cytokine concentrations indicate the amount detected in a biological sample, whereas intracellular staining can identify the population of cells producing or expressing the signal. This distinction matters when similar sample concentrations could arise from different producing-cell patterns. The two readouts therefore provide complementary information about immune activation.
ELISA, multiplex bead-based assays, and intracellular staining all rely on antibody binding, but they provide different measurement perspectives. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays and bead-based formats support measurement of cytokine signals in samples, while intracellular staining links cytokine expression or production to producing cell populations. Choosing among them depends on whether the study emphasizes sample-level concentrations, broader cytokine assessment, or cellular sources.
An experiment typically begins by stimulating immune cells when a controlled response is needed, or by collecting a biological sample for direct analysis. The selected assay then uses antibody binding to generate a measurable signal. Researchers compare the resulting cytokine concentrations or producing-cell populations across conditions, such as infection, vaccination, or treatment, to assess changes in immune activity.
Sample choice should match the biological question. Immune-cell stimulation is useful for examining how cells respond under a defined experimental condition, whereas biological-sample analysis reflects cytokines present in the material collected from a response. The first approach emphasizes inducible cellular behavior; the second supports concentration-based assessment in a biological context. Both can be relevant to infection studies.
Cytokine production quantification can connect immune signaling with infection-related outcomes by comparing responses to pathogens, vaccines, or therapeutic interventions. Increased or decreased cytokine concentrations, or shifts in the cells producing them, may help characterize immune mechanisms and disease severity. The same comparisons can also support biomarker research, including evaluation of treatment response.