Cytokine Biomarkers
Cytokine Biomarkers - Related Videos
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Expression of Exogenous Cytokine in Patient-derived Xenografts via Injection with a Cytokine-transduced Stromal Cell Line
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Cited by 2 •
2017
Described here is a method for producing exogenous cytokine in patient-derived xenograft (PDX) mice via weekly intraperitoneal injection of a cytokine-transduced stromal cell line. This method broadens the utility of PDX and provides the option for transient or sustained exogenous cytokine delivery in a multitude of PDX models.
08:29
Biomarkers in an Animal Model for Revealing Neural, Hematologic, and Behavioral Correlates of PTSD
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Cited by 29 •
2012
We describe a rat model of post traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) that reveals the persistent alterations in neuroendocrine function and the delayed long-term, exaggerated fear response, characteristic of PTSD patients. The animal model and methods described here are useful for correlating biomarkers in brain nuclei, which are mechanistic but cannot be measured in patients, with biomarkers in peripheral white blood cells, which can.
02:57
Assessing Antiviral Cytokine Production in Response to Viral Infection
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2026
Source: Zhang, J., et al. Dissecting Innate Immune Signaling in Viral Evasion of Cytokine Production. J. Vis. Exp. (2014)This video demonstrates the process of infecting murine fibroblast cells with herpesvirus and monitoring the resulting antiviral cytokine release and gene expression. It outlines key steps, including viral infection, media collection for cytokine quantification, and cell harvesting for gene expression analysis.
08:28
An Overview of bGDGT Biomarker Analysis for Paleoclimatology
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2023
Source: Laboratory of Jeff Salacup - University of Massachusetts Amherst Throughout this series of videos, natural samples were extracted and purified in search of organic compounds, called biomarkers, that can relate information on climates and environments of the past. One of the samples analyzed was sediment. Sediments accumulate over geologic time in basins, depressions in the Earth into which sediment flows through the action of fluid (water or air), movement, and gravity. Two main types...
08:32
Dissecting Innate Immune Signaling in Viral Evasion of Cytokine Production
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Cited by 2 •
2014
We describe a protocol to measure the antiviral cytokine production in mice infected with a model herpesvirus, murine gamma herpesvirus 68 (γHV68) that is closely-related to human Kaposi’s sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (KSHV) and Epstein-Barr virus (EBV). Utilizing genetically modified mouse strains and mouse embryonic fibroblasts (MEFs), we assessed the antiviral cytokine production both in vivo and ex vivo. “Reconstituting” the expression of innate immune components in knockout embryonic...
FAQs
Receptor binding links a cytokine measurement to a cellular response. When a cytokine binds its specific receptor, it activates signaling pathways, so the detected concentration reflects more than simple presence in a biological sample. This connection helps researchers relate biomarker patterns to immune activation and investigate changes associated with infection, autoimmune disease, cancer, or inflammatory disorders.
A coordinated cytokine pattern can describe both the intensity and the type of an immune response. Immune and tissue cells release several cytokines, including interleukins, interferons, and tumor necrosis factors, whose combined concentrations may reveal broader disease-associated changes. Considering the pattern therefore supports a more complete interpretation of complex immune activity than examining one measurement alone.
Multiplex assays measure several cytokines simultaneously, allowing researchers to examine relationships among multiple immune signals in one analysis. This broader measurement can improve interpretation of complex immune states and reveal patterns that may be missed when cytokines are assessed separately. The approach is especially useful when immune activity involves several interleukins, interferons, or tumor necrosis factors.
The workflow begins with collecting a biological sample, applying a quantitative measurement method, and determining the concentrations of selected cytokines. Researchers can then compare individual values or combined cytokine patterns with the immune or disease-associated state under investigation. Multiplex methods extend this process by measuring several targets at the same time, supporting broader immune profiling.
Researchers use cytokine biomarkers to characterize disease, investigate immune mechanisms, monitor treatment response, and assess prognosis. Their applications include studies of infection, autoimmune disease, cancer, and inflammatory disorders. Because cytokine measurements can reflect immune activity and inflammation, they provide a way to connect biological changes with disease-associated processes and changes during medical care.
Changes in cytokine concentrations or patterns can be compared over the course of a disease or treatment. Such comparisons may help indicate whether immune activity is changing in response to therapy and may contribute to prognostic assessment. In medicine, this makes cytokine measurements useful for following disease-associated inflammation while also investigating the mechanisms underlying treatment-related changes.