Tone Bursts
Tone Bursts - Related Videos
10:41
Method to Measure Tone of Axial and Proximal Muscle
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Cited by 5 •
2011
We have developed a device (Twister) to study the regulation of tonic muscle activity during active postural maintenance. Twister measures torsional resistance and muscular responses in standing subjects during twisting of the body axis. The device can be flexibly configured to study various aspects of tonic control across the neck, trunk, and/or hips.
01:12
Alterations in Muscle Tone ll
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2026
Alterations in muscle tone are common manifestations of neurological disorders and reflect dysfunction within different nervous system regions. Spasticity, paratonia, and dystonia represent distinct forms of hypertonia, each with unique mechanisms, clinical features, and diagnostic importance.CharacteristicsSpasticity happens from upper motor neuron lesions and is characterized by velocity-dependent resistance to passive movement. Clinical features include:Exaggerated deep tendon reflexesClonus...
01:11
Alterations in Muscle Tone lll
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2026
Rigidity and myotonia are distinct abnormalities of muscle tone that affect resistance and relaxation during movement. Although both involve altered muscle contraction, they arise from different neurological and muscular mechanisms.CharacteristicsRigidity is characterized by uniform resistance to passive movement across the entire range, independent of speed, affecting flexors and extensors equally. It may appear as lead-pipe rigidity (smooth, constant resistance) or cogwheel rigidity...
04:59
An Assay to Assess Phagocytosis and Oxidative Burst Activity In Granulocytes and Monocytes
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2025
This video demonstrates the assay to confirm phagocytic activity by cells in human blood via flow cytometry. The granulocytes and monocytes confirm their phagocytic activity by showing green and red fluorescence confirming the presence of engulfed bacteria and oxidative burst activity respectively.
07:07
Quantification of the Respiratory Burst Response as an Indicator of Innate Immune Health in Zebrafish
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Cited by 16 •
2013
The innate immune response protects organisms against pathogen infection. A critical component of the innate immune response, the phagocyte respiratory burst, generates reactive oxygen species that kill invading microorganisms. We describe a respiratory burst assay that quantifies reactive oxygen species produced when the innate immune response is chemically induced.
FAQs
These parameters determine which aspect of the acoustic stimulus is emphasized. Frequency concentrates the stimulus around a selected part of the sound spectrum, while intensity and duration control its strength and presentation time. Rise-fall time shapes how quickly the sound begins and ends. Adjusting these variables helps researchers create controlled comparisons across auditory conditions.
Their concentrated frequency content provides a more selective input than a broadband sound. When researchers vary the selected frequency, they can compare neural responses associated with different portions of auditory processing. This controlled stimulation supports investigations of frequency tuning and helps distinguish activity linked to a particular frequency region from responses produced by wider-spectrum acoustic input.
Systematically varying frequency, intensity, duration, or rise-fall time changes the acoustic conditions under which neural activity is measured. Comparing the resulting responses allows researchers to examine how the auditory system processes controlled sound inputs rather than relying on a single stimulus condition. These comparisons can contribute to studies of sensory processing and the encoding of sound.
A researcher first specifies the desired frequency, intensity, duration, and rise-fall time, then presents the controlled acoustic stimulus. Electrodes record the resulting auditory evoked potentials, which are neural responses associated with the sound. Researchers can compare recordings across stimulus settings to evaluate activity related to cochlear and central auditory pathway function.
Recordings elicited by tone bursts can provide evidence about how auditory signals are represented along the cochlear and central auditory pathways. Because the stimulus parameters are controlled, researchers can relate recorded activity to selected frequency conditions and other presentation features. The resulting measurements support assessment of auditory processing rather than only documenting exposure to sound.
They are useful when researchers need controlled inputs for studying frequency tuning, sensory processing, hearing development, or auditory disorders. In developmental and clinical research, recordings from these stimuli can help examine auditory pathway function across relevant conditions. More broadly, they provide a way to investigate how neural systems encode sound while keeping important acoustic parameters specified.