Vascular Dementia
Vascular Dementia - Related Videos
09:17
Using Retinal Imaging to Study Dementia
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Cited by 19 •
2017
The retina shares prominent similarities with the brain and thus represents a unique window to study vasculature and neuronal structure in the brain non-invasively. This protocol describes a method to study dementia using retinal imaging techniques. This method can potentially aid in diagnosis and risk assessment of dementia.
01:30
Dementia
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2025
Dementia is a collective term for cognitive disorders primarily affecting memory, thinking, and reasoning. It is not a specific disease but a syndrome, with Alzheimer's disease being the most common cause, accounting for approximately 60-80% of cases. Other types include vascular dementia, Lewy body dementia, and frontotemporal dementia. Dementia affects millions worldwide, particularly older adults, though it is not a normal part of aging. The progression of dementia is generally gradual.
01:22
Dementia l: Introduction
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2026
Dementia is an acquired, progressive syndrome characterized by a decline in multiple cognitive domains severe enough to impair daily functioning and reduce independence. Although memory loss is a central feature, the diagnosis requires additional deficits involving language, executive function, visuospatial skills, judgment, calculation, or abstract reasoning. These cognitive impairments reflect underlying neurodegenerative or vascular processes that gradually disrupt neuronal networks...
06:23
The 4 Mountains Test: A Short Test of Spatial Memory with High Sensitivity for the Diagnosis of Pre-dementia Alzheimer's Disease
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Cited by 68 •
2016
This article describes the 4 Mountains Test (4MT), a hippocampus-dependent test of working allocentric spatial memory. The hippocampus is affected early in Alzheimer's disease (AD) and this article outlines the 4MT methodology and results of patient testing, which demonstrates the value of the 4MT in the diagnosis of pre-dementia AD.
05:12
A Mouse Model for Vascular Cognitive Impairment and Dementia Based on Needle-guided Asymmetric Bilateral Common Carotid Artery Stenosis
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Cited by 2 •
2024
The needle method of asymmetric bilateral common carotid artery stenosis is proposed to create a mouse model for vascular cognitive impairment and dementia. It results in longer-term outcomes compared to previously established models and is compatible with live MRI. Visual representation demonstrating the procedure provides guidance for mastering the surgery.
FAQs
Symptoms vary because cerebrovascular injury does not affect every brain region or neural network equally. Damage in one area may produce prominent changes in executive function, attention, or processing speed, while injury elsewhere may have a different effect on memory, mood, behavior, or everyday functioning. This regional pattern helps explain why individuals can show distinct cognitive profiles.
Vascular dementia may follow a stroke, when a major cerebrovascular event produces an identifiable change, or emerge through cumulative small-vessel damage over time. These pathways can create different distributions and degrees of brain injury. Consequently, symptom severity and progression are interpreted in relation to the affected tissue, disrupted networks, and the timing of vascular damage.
Executive function and processing speed can reveal difficulties that are not captured by memory testing alone. Assessment of these abilities, together with attention, mood, behavior, and everyday functioning, helps describe the person’s broader cognitive profile. This information supports recognition of vascular contributions and helps distinguish them from patterns associated with other dementias.
Psychological assessment examines multiple domains rather than relying on a single cognitive measure. Evaluating executive function, attention, processing speed, memory, mood, behavior, and everyday functioning can reveal patterns consistent with cerebrovascular effects. Interpreting these findings alongside the known pattern of brain injury helps clarify vascular contributions when cognitive changes may overlap with other dementias.
The assessment focuses on cognitive and functional changes that affect daily life. Key areas include executive function, attention, processing speed, memory, mood, and behavior, with consideration of how these changes interfere with everyday functioning. The resulting profile provides a structured basis for identifying needs, planning support, and evaluating how cerebrovascular injury may be influencing cognition.
Assessment findings identify which cognitive and behavioral changes most affect everyday functioning. That information can support individualized cognitive rehabilitation rather than a one-size-fits-all plan, while also helping caregivers anticipate practical needs related to attention, processing speed, executive function, mood, or behavior. Planning can therefore reflect the person’s specific pattern of impairment and preserved abilities.
Vascular risk factors matter because ongoing vascular problems may contribute to further cerebrovascular injury and cognitive difficulties. Understanding this relationship places cognitive care within a broader brain-health strategy. Assessment and planning can therefore inform management of vascular risk factors while addressing current psychological and functional needs, linking symptom support with efforts to protect brain health across aging.